Germany - D&D revision book

• Who was the ruler of Germany after its unification in 1871?

  Kaiser Wilhelm II
• What was the name of the German Parliament?

  The Reichstag
• What was Kaiser Wilhelm II's foreign policy called?

  Weltpolitik
• What did Kaiser Wilhelm II want to build up?

  A powerful army and navy

  
• What was the impact of the Navy Laws enacted by Kaiser Wilhelm II?

  They aimed to create a huge navy
• What economic condition did workers face in German industry?

  Low wages and poor working conditions
• What political party became popular among workers seeking social reforms?

  The Social Democratic Party
• What was the consequence of the British Navy's blockade of Germany during WWI?

  Terrible food shortages and lack of medicines
• What epidemic swept through Germany in 1918?

  A deadly flu epidemic
• What was the societal impact of WWI on German families?

  60,000 war widows and two million children without fathers
• What financial state was Germany in by 1918?

  Virtually bankrupt
• What advice did General Ludendorff give to the Kaiser in October 1918?

  To become more democratic to gain fairer treatment from the Allies
• What happened on 9th November 1918?

  Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated
• Who took over leadership of Germany after the Kaiser abdicated?

  Friedrich Ebert
• What was the name of the new government established in Germany after WWI?

  The Weimar Republic
• What was the public sentiment towards the Treaty of Versailles in Germany?

  It was hated by the Germans
• What was the main term of the Treaty of Versailles regarding military restrictions?

  Germany's army was limited to 100,000 men
• What was the economic consequence of the Ruhr invasion in 1923?

  Hyperinflation due to excessive money printing
• What was the effect of hyperinflation on the German currency?

  German money became worthless
• What was the political situation in Germany during the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1923?

  Political change and unrest with various uprisings
• Who were the leaders of the Spartacist Uprising?

  Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht
• What was the outcome of the Kapp Putsch?

  The armed uprising was stopped by the government
• What were the main weaknesses of the Weimar Republic's constitution?

  • Born out of Germany's defeat in WWI
  • Lacked support from extremist parties
  • Proportional Representation made majority difficult
  • Article 48 allowed suspension of democracy
• What were the main terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

  • Territorial changes (e.g., Alsace and Lorraine to France)
  • Military restrictions (e.g., army limited to 100,000 men)
  • Acceptance of war guilt
  • Reparations fixed at £6600 million
  • Exclusion from the League of Nations
• What were the effects of hyperinflation in Germany?

  • Money became worthless
  • Pensioners lost value in pensions
  • Savings lost all value
  • Wages could not keep up with inflation
  • Some businessmen benefited
• What were the main opposition groups to the Weimar Government?

  • Left: Communists (Spartacists)
  • Right: Nationalists (Freikorps)
  • Both used violence to seize power
• What were the key events during the Weimar Republic's early years (1919-1923)?

  1. Spartacist Uprising
  2. Kapp Putsch
  3. Munich Putsch
  4. Hyperinflation crisis
  5. Establishment of the Dawes Plan
• What were the economic changes in Germany under the Nazis?

  • Public works programs
  • Rearmament
  • Self-sufficiency initiatives
  • Impact of war on economy (bombing, rationing)
• What were the social policies under the Nazi regime?

  • Impact on women and youth
  • Control of education and churches
  • Racial policies and persecution
  • The Final Solution
• How did the Nazis control society?

  • Use of propaganda and censorship
  • Repression through police state
  • Roles of Himmler, SS, and Gestapo
  • Opposition and resistance movements
• What were the main events leading to Hitler's dictatorship?

  1. Reichstag Fire
  2. Enabling Act
  3. Elimination of political opposition
  4. Night of the Long Knives
  5. Hitler becomes Führer
• What were the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles for Germany?

  • Loss of territory and resources
  • Military restrictions
  • Economic reparations
  • National humiliation and resentment
• What was the purpose of the groups prepared to use violence in Germany?

  To seize power through a putsch.
• What did the Spartacist Uprising aim to achieve?

  They wanted to run Germany like Communist Russia and overthrow the Republic.
• Who were the leaders of the Spartacist Uprising?

  Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht.
• What action did Ebert take during the Spartacist Uprising?

  He called for help from the Freikorps.
• What was the outcome of the Spartacist Uprising?

  The revolt was crushed, and the leaders were killed without trial.
• What did the Spartacist Uprising reveal about the Weimar Republic?

  It showed the instability of the Republic and its reliance on the army.
• Who led the Kapp Putsch?

  Dr. Kapp.
• What was the Kapp Putsch's main belief?

  They believed Germany should be strong again with a powerful army.