Localization of Function

• What is the principle of localisation of function in psychology?

  Specific areas of the brain are associated with specific cognitive processes.
• What was Franz Gall's theory of Phrenology?

  The study of the skull to determine one’s character.
• What was Pierre Flourens known for in the context of brain research?

  His experimentation with animals to identify the main divisions of the brain.
• What are the functions and locations of the motor and somatosensory centres in the brain?

  • Motor cortex:
  • Responsible for voluntary motor movements
  • Located in the frontal lobe, controlling opposite side muscles
  • Somatosensory cortex:
  • Processes sensory input from touch-sensitive receptors
  • Located in the parietal lobe, receiving information from the opposite side
• What is the role of the visual centre in the brain?

  It processes different types of visual information such as colour, shape, and movement.
• How does visual information travel from the retina to the visual cortex?

  Nerve impulses from the retina travel via the optic nerve to the thalamus, then to the visual cortex.
• What are the functions and locations of the auditory centre in the brain?

  • Auditory centre:
  • Responsible for hearing
  • Located in the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain
  • Processes sound via the auditory nerve and brain stem
• Where is Broca’s area located?

  In the posterior region of the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere.
• What is the primary function of Broca’s area?

  It is critical for speech production.
• What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

  Comprehension of language.
• How was Wernicke’s area discovered?

  By studying patients who could speak but were unable to understand language.
• What can cause aphasia?

  Stroke or illnesses.
• What is a characteristic of individuals with aphasia?

  They retain their intelligence but lose aspects of communication.
• What is paraphasia?

  Using words that sound similar or have similar meanings incorrectly.
• What are the two types of aphasia?

  • Fluent aphasia:
  • Poor comprehension
  • Damage to Wernicke’s area
  • Normal speech patterns with meaningless words
  • Non-fluent aphasia:
  • Good comprehension
  • Damage to Broca’s area
  • Long pauses and grammatical errors
• What is PPA?

  A form of dementia.
• How does speech therapy relate to brain plasticity?

  It utilizes the brain's ability to repair itself.