Respiration

• What are the two types of respiration that occur in humans?

  Aerobic and anaerobic respiration
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in human cells?

  Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy
• In what situations does anaerobic respiration occur?

  During strenuous exercise when oxygen is limited
• Why is aerobic respiration more efficient than anaerobic respiration?

  Because aerobic respiration completely breaks down glucose, producing more ATP
• What is 'oxygen debt'?

  Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid after anaerobic respiration
• What is the process of aerobic respiration?

  • Occurs in the presence of oxygen
  • Involves glucose and oxygen reacting to release energy
  • Produces carbon dioxide and water
  • Energy is released in the form of ATP
• What are the main uses of ATP in cells?

  • Movement (muscle contraction)
  • Thermoregulation in mammals and birds
  • Active transport (moving molecules against a concentration gradient)
  • Biosynthesis (building new molecules, cells, and tissues)
• Where does respiration take place in cells?

  In the mitochondria
• Why is the inner membrane of mitochondria highly folded?

  To increase the surface area for respiration reactions
• What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is oxidized back into carbon dioxide and water when oxygen levels rise
• What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

  Aerobic Respiration:

  • Requires oxygen
  • Produces a large amount of energy
  • Waste products: water and carbon dioxide
  • Glucose breakdown is complete
  • No oxygen debt

  
  

  Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Does not require oxygen
  • Produces less energy
  • Waste product: lactic acid
  • Glucose breakdown is incomplete
  • Oxygen debt occurs
• What causes muscle cramps during strenuous exercise?

  Lactic acid buildup
• What happens to breathing and heart rates after anaerobic exercise?

  They remain high to help pay off oxygen debt
• How is oxygen debt paid off?

  By breathing heavily to supply oxygen needed to break down lactic acid
• How does anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration in terms of energy production?

  Anaerobic respiration produces less energy due to incomplete glucose breakdown
• What is the role of enzymes in respiration?

  Enzymes catalyze the reactions that release energy from glucose
• What is the main source of energy for the body?

  Glucose from digested food
• What is respiration often confused with?

  Breathing
• What is the significance of respiration in living organisms?

  It provides the energy necessary for survival and cellular functions
• What is the relationship between respiration and energy?

  Respiration releases energy from food
• What happens to energy released during respiration?

  Some energy is released as heat, and the rest is used to make ATP
• How does the body respond to a lack of oxygen during exercise?

  By switching to anaerobic respiration to produce energy
• What is the main waste product of anaerobic respiration?

  Lactic acid
• What is the effect of lactic acid on muscles?

  It causes muscle cramps and fatigue
• What is the role of mitochondria in respiration?

  Mitochondria convert energy from glucose into ATP
• What is the temperature change observed in germinating seeds during respiration?

  It increases due to energy release
• What is the significance of the folded inner membrane of mitochondria?

  It increases the surface area for enzyme activity in respiration
• How do aerobic and anaerobic respiration compare in terms of efficiency?

  Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration
• What is the primary function of respiration in living organisms?

  To release energy from food
• What happens to the energy produced during respiration?

  It is used for cellular activities and maintaining body temperature
• What is the relationship between respiration and breathing?

  Breathing provides oxygen needed for respiration
• How does the body compensate for the oxygen debt after exercise?

  By increasing breathing rate to supply oxygen
• What are the consequences of prolonged anaerobic respiration?

  Increased lactic acid buildup leading to fatigue and cramps
• What is the main energy currency of the cell?

  ATP
• What is the role of glucose in respiration?

  It is the primary fuel that is broken down to release energy
• How does the body manage energy needs during different types of exercise?

  By switching between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on oxygen availability
• What is the significance of energy release during respiration?

  It powers cellular processes necessary for life
• What is the effect of exercise on respiration?

  Exercise increases the rate of respiration