Smoking

• What is the primary focus of the study material regarding smoking?

  The effects of smoking on the respiratory system
• What is the structure of the alveoli?

  Alveoli have a large surface area
• How does gas exchange occur in the alveoli?

  Gas exchange takes place via diffusion
• Why is the structure of the alveoli important for gas exchange?

  The structure allows for efficient gas exchange
• What are the key features of alveoli that facilitate gas exchange?

  • Large surface area
  • Moist lining for gas diffusion
  • Thin walls for easy gas passage
• What is the correct spelling of the term that describes the area of the alveoli?

  Surface area
• What gas enters the blood through the alveoli?

  Oxygen
• What is the role of the moist lining in the alveoli?

  It allows gases to diffuse in and out of the blood
• Where are alveoli located in the respiratory system?

  At the end of the bronchioles in the lungs
• What effect does smoking have on cilia in the respiratory system?

  Smoking paralyzes cilia
• What happens to mucus in the respiratory system due to smoking?

  Mucus builds up
• What is the consequence of mucus build-up in the respiratory system?

  Increased risk of disease
• What are some chemicals found in cigarette smoke?

  Tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide
• What are the effects of tar in cigarette smoke?

  • Clogs bronchioles
  • Damages alveoli
  • Leads to lung cancer
  • Causes blockages and fluid build-up in lungs
• What are the effects of nicotine?

  • Addictive substance
  • Increases blood pressure
  • Narrows blood vessels
  • Increases heart rate
• What are the effects of carbon monoxide?

  • Poisonous gas
  • Makes it difficult for red blood cells to carry oxygen
• What is passive smoking?

  Inhaling smoke from others' cigarettes
• Why is passive smoking dangerous?

  It exposes non-smokers to harmful chemicals
• How are governments trying to reduce the effects of passive smoking?

  By implementing smoking bans in public places
• What are the diseases caused by smoking and their explanations?

  • Lung cancer: Caused by carcinogens in tar
  • Emphysema: Damage to alveoli from trapped particles
• What is the role of mitochondria in relation to cilia?

  Mitochondria provide energy for the movement of cilia
• What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory system?

  To catch dust and pathogens
• How does cilia movement prevent infection?

  By sweeping mucus away and trapping pathogens
• What is the function of respiration in cells?

  To release energy in the form of ATP
• What is the consequence of decreased surface area of alveoli?

  Decreased rate of gas exchange
• What symptoms are associated with emphysema?

  Shortness of breath and wheezing
• What happens to the alveoli due to inflammation from trapped particles?

  Alveoli walls break down
• What is the impact of smoking on the function of the respiratory system?

  It leads to various diseases and reduces efficiency
• What is the relationship between smoking and lung cancer?

  Smoking increases the risk of developing lung cancer
• How does smoking affect the overall health of an individual?

  It leads to serious health conditions and reduces quality of life