Humanistic Psychology

• When did Humanistic Psychology originate?

  In the 1960s
• What is another name for Humanistic Psychology?

  3rd Force Psychology
• What does Humanistic Psychology reject?

  The negative views of Freud and behaviorists
• What does Humanistic Psychology focus on?

  What is happening now
• What is emphasized in Humanistic Psychology regarding personal actions?

  Actions do not cancel out the value of a person
• What is the goal of living according to Humanistic Psychology?

  Personal growth and understanding
• According to Freud, what are humans considered to be in terms of instincts?

  Slaves to instincts
• What do behaviorists believe about humans?

  Humans are slaves to the environment
• What governs how we behave according to Merry (1995)?

  How we feel about ourselves
• What limitation do cognitivists attribute to humans?

  Humans are limited in processing information
• How does Humanistic Psychology view people?

  As naturally good and wanting to grow
• What did Abraham Maslow believe about human potential?

  Humans have huge potential for growth
• What was Maslow interested in understanding?

  People who seem to get the most out of life
• What are the key points of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

  • If needs are not met, we experience distress
  • Lower order needs must be satisfied before higher order needs
  • Deficiency needs (bottom 3) vs Growth needs (top 2)
  • Self-actualization leads to highest happiness and performance
  • Self-esteem need is crucial for self-actualization
• What are the two meta-traits identified by Kaufman (2018) in connection with the Big Five?

  Stability and Plasticity
• What does Carl Rogers' work emphasize?

  The tendency to actualize and fulfill potential
• What leads to fully functioning individuals according to Rogers?

  Self-actualization
• What is a characteristic of self-actualization?

  All powers of the individual "click"
• What are "peak experiences" in the context of self-actualization?

  Intense enjoyment and openness to experience
• What correlation exists between self-actualization and psychological well-being according to Kaufman (2018)?

  r = .49
• What correlation exists between self-actualization and job satisfaction according to Kaufman (2018)?

  r = .37
• What do humanists believe about helping people?

  We should strive to help people reach "peak experiences"
• What are barriers to self-actualization?

  Poor self-concept and low self-esteem
• What is self-concept according to Rogers?

  How we perceive ourselves
• What is self-esteem according to Rogers?

  How much we like and value ourselves
• What causes self-esteem issues?

  The discrepancy between ideal self and experiencing self
• What is the result of ideal-self congruence?

  High self-regard, self-esteem, and growth
• What is the result of ideal-self incongruence?

  Anxiety and unease with self
• What does Higgins' self-discrepancy theory include?

  Actual, ideal, and ought self
• What did Woodman and Hemmings (2008) study?

  Discrepancies and mood in women
• What is the importance of ideal-actual self discrepancies according to the conclusion of the studies?

  They are very important for understanding self-esteem
• What do we need to develop self-esteem and self-actualization?

  The love, acceptance, friendship, and affection of others
• What is unconditional positive regard?

  Acceptance regardless of what we do
• What is conditional positive regard?

  Acceptance only when fulfilling the demands of others
• What is conditional self-regard?

  Self-worth based on meeting expectations
• What does a restrictive society impose?

  Demands concerning how we should be
• What does Self-Determination Theory emphasize?

  The importance of autonomy in motivation
• What are the consequences of autonomous motivation?

  Impacts interest, enjoyment, growth, and well-being
• What should be created to promote autonomous motivation?

  Need supportive environments
• What did Deci et al. (2001) measure in their study?

  Work motivation and perception of autonomy support