Cognitive Approach

• What is a phone essentially described as in the text?

  A portable computer
• What are the inputs of a phone compared to human inputs?

  Camera and microphone are inputs for a phone, while eyes and ears are inputs for humans
• What are the outputs of a phone compared to human outputs?

  A screen and speakers are outputs for a phone, while the body and voice are outputs for humans
• What is the physical component of a phone that holds information?

  The CPU (central processing unit)
• What is the physical component of humans that processes information?

  The brain
• What are YouTube and other apps considered as on a phone?

  Programs or a set of processes designed by computer programmers
• How do cognitive psychologists view the brain's functions?

  As internal mental processes
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  A field that studies the connection between cognitive processes and the physical activity of the brain
• What are the defining characteristics of the cognitive approach in psychology?

  • Behavior results from internal mental processes
  • Research focuses on studying these internal processes
  • Common areas of research include attention, perception, and memory
• Why is memory a focus in cognitive psychology?

  Because it is an entire unit of study at the A level
• How do cognitive psychologists conduct research?

  By conducting highly controlled experiments in lab settings
• What is a limitation of studying internal mental processes?

  They cannot be directly observed
• What is an example of making inferences in cognitive psychology?

  Inferring the storage capacity of short-term memory based on recall performance
• What is Miller's classic research study about?

  The capacity of short-term memory
• What is a schema?

  A mental framework built from previous experiences
• How do schemas help us navigate the world?

  They allow us to process information quickly and predict future events
• What is a problem associated with schemas?

  They can lead to inaccurate recall, especially in eyewitness testimony
• What did Loftus's research reveal about eyewitness testimony?

  Leading questions can alter memory recall
• What is the negative triad in cognitive psychology according to Beck?

  Negative schemas about self, the world, and the future
• What is the computer model in cognitive psychology?

  A comparison between the brain's processing and a computer's CPU
• What is machine reductionism?

  The argument that the human brain is more complex than a computer
• What are theoretical models in cognitive psychology?

  Flowchart representations of how mental processes work
• What is the multi-store model of memory?

  A theoretical model showing how information passes through memory stages
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The study of the relationship between cognitive and biological processes
• How do brain scanning techniques contribute to cognitive neuroscience?

  They allow researchers to observe brain activity during cognitive tasks
• What did the research on Tan reveal about brain function?

  It confirmed that Broca's area is involved in speech production
• What is a limitation of cognitive psychology's research methods?

  Many studies are highly artificial and not generalizable to real-life situations
• How has cognitive psychology influenced real-life applications?

  It has led to the development of CBT and informed juries about eyewitness testimony
• What is soft determinism in cognitive psychology?

  The belief that behavior has biological and environmental causes but allows for individual control
• How does cognitive psychology empower clients in therapy?

  By giving them tools to change their negative thought patterns
• What is the purpose of the psych boost app mentioned in the text?

  To provide features like flashcards and quizzes for studying
• What resources are available for Patreon supporters of the psych boost app?

  Access to exclusive exam tutorial videos and hundreds of digital resources
• What is the significance of cognitive psychology's relationship with science?

  It provides objective biological evidence for cognitive theories
• How does cognitive psychology differ from behaviorism and biological psychology?

  Cognitive psychology studies internal mental processes, while behaviorism focuses on observable behavior
• What is the role of schemas in cognitive psychology?

  Schemas help individuals process information and predict future events
• What is the impact of faulty schemas on mental health?

  They can lead to issues such as depression
• How do cognitive psychologists ensure high internal validity in their research?

  By conducting experiments in highly controlled lab settings
• What is the significance of the multi-store model of memory?

  It describes how information is processed through different memory stages
• What is the relationship between cognitive neuroscience and cognitive psychology?

  Cognitive neuroscience studies the neurological basis of cognitive processes
• How do cognitive psychologists use theoretical models?

  To create testable theories about mental processes