Animal Studies of Attachment

• Why can studying animals be useful for understanding human behavior?

  Because some studies on animals wouldn't be possible on humans
• What are the ethical concerns regarding animal research?

  It can be problematic ethically and due to different mental experiences
• Who are the two influential researchers mentioned regarding attachment?

  Konrad Lorenz and Harry Harlow
• What did Konrad Lorenz investigate?

  Imprinting in animals
• What behavior is commonly seen in birds related to imprinting?

  Young ducklings following their mother
• How did Lorenz test imprinting in gray lag geese?

  By dividing eggs to hatch with a biological mother or in an incubator
• What did Lorenz find about the goslings that he hatched?

  They imprinted on him as the first moving object
• What is the critical period for imprinting according to Lorenz?

  32 hours after hatching
• What does Lorenz's work suggest about attachment behavior in birds?

  It has a biological aspect and is based on vision
• What theory did Harry Harlow's experiment test?

  The love theory of attachment based on learning theory
• What did Harlow's experiment involve with infant monkeys?

  Removing them from their mothers and placing them with surrogate mothers
• What were the two types of surrogate mothers in Harlow's experiment?

  A wire mother with food and a cloth mother without food
• What did Harlow find about the time spent by monkeys with each surrogate mother?

  Monkeys spent more time with the cloth mother for comfort
• What did Harlow's experiment reveal about the monkeys' behavior when frightened?

  They ran to the cloth mother for comfort
• What long-term problems did Harlow find in the monkeys he studied?

  They had issues interacting with other monkeys and raising their infants
• What did Harlow conclude about the attachment of monkeys to their surrogate mothers?

  Monkeys had an innate need for physical contact
• Why is it important to consider the validity of applying animal research findings to humans?

  Because animals and humans are biologically different
• What did John Bowlby argue about human infants and attachment?

  They crave comfort from their mothers and form a monotropic relationship
• What is the critical period for human infants to form attachments according to Bowlby?

  From 6 to 30 months
• What did later research on deprived human orphans indicate about attachment?

  Humans have a sensitive period for attachment, not a critical period
• How has knowledge from Harlow and Lorenz's work influenced child care practices?

  It has led to policies that encourage immediate physical contact between mothers and babies
• What ethical concerns are raised by Harlow's research?

  It caused suffering to primates and harmed their welfare
• What is a cost-benefit perspective regarding Harlow's research?

  Some argue the research was justified due to its influence on understanding early attachment
• What should be kept in mind when evaluating unethical studies in psychology?

  Unethical studies may still provide valid data
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  Cat Posnik and Ahmed Romani
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