Depression: The Cognitive Approach

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What percentage of adults in the UK experience some form of depression?

  About one in five adults
• Which demographic has a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms?

  Women aged 16 to 29
• What is the purpose of the video mentioned in the study material?

  To teach students about the principles of depression
• What should viewers looking for support do according to the video?

  Refer to other organizations with resources
• What cognitive approach is discussed in the video regarding depression?

  • The cognitive approach explains depression through internal mental processes.
  • It suggests that depression is linked to disturbed thinking.
  • It emphasizes the role of schemas in understanding depression.
• What is a schema in psychology?

  A mental framework built from experience
• How do schemas help individuals navigate the world?

  They serve as mental shortcuts for understanding situations
• What can negative schemas lead to according to the video?

  Biases that can be particularly problematic
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  Negative beliefs about self, the world, and the future
• What negative behaviors can result from negative thought patterns in depression?

  Avoidance, withdrawal, and inaction
• What does selective abstraction involve?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What is cognitive distortion according to Beck?

  Faulty negative thinking patterns
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortion?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, Belief, Consequence
• How do rational and irrational beliefs differ in the context of depression?

  Rational beliefs lead to healthier emotional responses
• What is "masturbatory thinking" according to Ellis?

  Not accepting that we don't live in a perfect world
• What are the three "musts" that hold people back according to Ellis?

  I must do well, you must treat me well, the world must be easy
• What research supports the role of rational thoughts in depression?

  • Grizzoli and Terry's study on 65 women before and after childbirth.
  • Found negative thinking styles linked to higher likelihood of developing depression.
  • Supports the idea that faulty thinking leads to depression.
• What did March's study find about the effectiveness of CBT?

  CBT had an effectiveness rate of 81% after 36 weeks
• What is a potential limitation of CBT for severely depressed patients?

  They may lack the motivation to engage with CBT
• What are the criticisms of CBT and REBT?

  • Can be seen as victim blaming.
  • May overlook past trauma.
  • Focuses on present rather than addressing underlying issues.
• What is a significant economic argument for CBT compared to drug therapy?

  CBT is more expensive but addresses root causes of depression
• What is the effectiveness rate of combined treatment of CBT and drug therapy according to March's study?

  86%
• What is the role of the patient in CBT?

  The patient is active and responsible for their depression
• What is the goal of both Beck's CBT and Ellis's REBT?

  To restructure irrational thoughts
• How does Beck's CBT differ from Ellis's REBT?

  Beck's therapy involves the patient figuring out their thoughts
• What is the purpose of shame attacking exercises in REBT?

  To help clients confront their fears and cope with disapproval
• What is the effect of disputation in REBT?

  It aims to reduce irrational thoughts and improve future consequences
• What is the significance of the therapist's role in REBT?

  The therapist confronts the client's irrational beliefs
• What is the main focus of cognitive therapies for depression?

  To challenge and change negative schemas
• What is the relationship between cognitive theories and biological origins of depression?

  Cognitive theories do not fully explain depression, which may also have biological origins
• How do cognitive theories view the thoughts of someone with depression?

  They assume the thoughts are irrational
• What is the implication of the "rose-tinted glasses" analogy in depression?

  People without depression may have an overly positive perception of life
• What is the aim of cognitive strategies in treating depression?

  To change negative schemas and challenge irrational thoughts
• What is the role of homework tasks in Beck's CBT?

  To help clients identify and challenge negative thoughts
• What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in Beck's CBT?

  To compare negative thoughts with actual experiences
• What is the goal of behavioral activation in CBT?

  To encourage participation in enjoyable activities
• What is the significance of empirical and logical arguments in REBT?

  They challenge the client's irrational beliefs
• What is the effect of shame attacking exercises in REBT?

  They help clients confront fears and reduce anxiety about disapproval