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L161
Part 1
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Cards (58)
What does the Cognitive Revolution refer to?
A pivotal
event
in human history
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What cognitive abilities expanded during the Cognitive Revolution?
Those of early humans between
70,000
and
30,000
BCE
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How did the Cognitive Revolution impact Homo sapiens?
It led to their
dominance
on
the
planet
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What was one main outcome of the Cognitive Revolution?
The development of
complex
language
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How did complex language benefit early humans?
It enabled social
cooperation
and shared
beliefs
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What are language universals?
Patterns
occurring systematically across languages
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What insight do language universals provide?
They reveal
commonalities
in human experience
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What are myths?
Traditional
stories conveying cultural beliefs
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What role do myths play in cultures?
They help
interpret
the world around them
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What types of explanations do myths provide?
Historical
,
natural
, and
psychological
explanations
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What is a toponym?
A name assigned to
geographical
features
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What do toponyms reflect?
The
historical
and
cultural
heritage of an area
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What is an allophone?
A variant of a
phoneme
without meaning
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What is an alphabet?
A writing system representing
language sounds
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How is a consonant produced?
By
obstructing
the flow of air
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What distinguishes a dialect?
Grammatical
and
lexical
features of a language
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What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
A standardized
phonetic
system for sounds
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What does language consist of?
Words,
grammar
, and meanings
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What is a language family?
A group of languages from a common
ancestor
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What is a phoneme?
The
smallest
unit of speech distinguishing words
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What does phonetics study?
The sounds of human
speech
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How does phonology differ from phonetics?
Phonology studies
abstract
sound functions
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What is speech?
The vocal
expression
of language
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What is a vowel?
A sound produced without
air obstruction
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What are basic colour terms?
Colour words applicable to many
objects
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What is categorising in language?
Dividing reality into
categories
using words
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What is a metaphor?
A
comparison
stating one thing is another
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What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest?
Language shapes
worldview
and cognition
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What is grammatical gender?
A system classifying
nouns
by gender
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What is a morpheme?
The
smallest
meaningful
unit
in a language
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What is morphological typology?
Classification of languages by
morphemes
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What does word order affect?
Meaning
and
grammaticality
of sentences
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What does "face" refer to in politeness theory?
The
positive
public image individuals project
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What are forms of address?
Ways of addressing people based on
status
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What is Grice’s cooperative principle?
Communication as a
cooperative
action
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What are Grice’s maxims of conversation?
Four
principles for effective
communication
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What is negative politeness?
Aim to minimize imposition on the
hearer
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What is positive politeness?
Aim to foster friendliness and
belonging
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What is pragmatic competence?
The ability to use language effectively in
context
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What does pragmatics study?
The use of language in
social contexts
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See all 58 cards
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