Part 1

    Cards (58)

    • What does the Cognitive Revolution refer to?
      A pivotal event in human history
    • What cognitive abilities expanded during the Cognitive Revolution?
      Those of early humans between 70,000 and 30,000 BCE
    • How did the Cognitive Revolution impact Homo sapiens?
      It led to their dominance on the planet
    • What was one main outcome of the Cognitive Revolution?
      The development of complex language
    • How did complex language benefit early humans?
      It enabled social cooperation and shared beliefs
    • What are language universals?
      Patterns occurring systematically across languages
    • What insight do language universals provide?
      They reveal commonalities in human experience
    • What are myths?
      Traditional stories conveying cultural beliefs
    • What role do myths play in cultures?
      They help interpret the world around them
    • What types of explanations do myths provide?
      Historical, natural, and psychological explanations
    • What is a toponym?
      A name assigned to geographical features
    • What do toponyms reflect?
      The historical and cultural heritage of an area
    • What is an allophone?
      A variant of a phoneme without meaning
    • What is an alphabet?
      A writing system representing language sounds
    • How is a consonant produced?
      By obstructing the flow of air
    • What distinguishes a dialect?
      Grammatical and lexical features of a language
    • What is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)?
      A standardized phonetic system for sounds
    • What does language consist of?
      Words, grammar, and meanings
    • What is a language family?
      A group of languages from a common ancestor
    • What is a phoneme?
      The smallest unit of speech distinguishing words
    • What does phonetics study?
      The sounds of human speech
    • How does phonology differ from phonetics?
      Phonology studies abstract sound functions
    • What is speech?
      The vocal expression of language
    • What is a vowel?
      A sound produced without air obstruction
    • What are basic colour terms?
      Colour words applicable to many objects
    • What is categorising in language?
      Dividing reality into categories using words
    • What is a metaphor?
      A comparison stating one thing is another
    • What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggest?
      Language shapes worldview and cognition
    • What is grammatical gender?
      A system classifying nouns by gender
    • What is a morpheme?
      The smallest meaningful unit in a language
    • What is morphological typology?
      Classification of languages by morphemes
    • What does word order affect?
      Meaning and grammaticality of sentences
    • What does "face" refer to in politeness theory?
      The positive public image individuals project
    • What are forms of address?
      Ways of addressing people based on status
    • What is Grice’s cooperative principle?
      Communication as a cooperative action
    • What are Grice’s maxims of conversation?
      Four principles for effective communication
    • What is negative politeness?
      Aim to minimize imposition on the hearer
    • What is positive politeness?
      Aim to foster friendliness and belonging
    • What is pragmatic competence?
      The ability to use language effectively in context
    • What does pragmatics study?
      The use of language in social contexts
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