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Chemistry Cognito
1.1 Atoms
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Created by
George Sakelarov
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Cards (28)
What are all things made up of, including living and non-living entities?
Atoms
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How many atoms are estimated to be in a single cell?
More than 100
trillion
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What is the basic structure of an atom?
A central
nucleus
surrounded by
electrons
in
shells
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What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
Protons
and
neutrons
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What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
One
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How much smaller is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?
Two thousand
times smaller
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What charge do protons have?
Positive charge
(+1)
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What charge do neutrons have?
No charge (
neutral
)
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What charge do electrons have?
Negative charge
(
-1
)
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How can you remember the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Protons are
positive
, neutrons are
neutral
, and electrons are
negative
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What is the approximate radius of an atom?
0.1
nanometers
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What is mostly found in an atom?
Empty space
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How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom?
The nucleus is
10,000
times smaller than the atom
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What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
It becomes an
ion
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What is a negative ion?
An atom with more
electrons
than
protons
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How do you denote a one minus negative ion?
By having one extra
electron
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What is a positive ion?
An atom with more
protons
than
electrons
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How do you denote a one plus positive ion?
By having one less
electron
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What information does a nuclear symbol provide about an element?
Elemental symbol (e.g., O for
oxygen
)
Atomic number
(number of
protons
)
Mass number
(total number of protons and
neutrons
)
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What does the atomic number tell us?
How many
protons
an atom has
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How many protons does an oxygen atom have?
Eight
protons
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How many protons does a lithium atom have?
Three
protons
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How many neutrons does lithium have if its mass number is 7?
Four
neutrons
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How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number
minus
atomic number
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How many electrons does an atom have if it has three protons?
Three
electrons
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How many neutrons does oxygen have if its mass number is 16?
Eight
neutrons
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How many electrons does an oxygen atom have?
Eight
electrons
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How many electrons does a lithium atom have?
Three
electrons
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