1.1 Atoms

Cards (28)

  • What are all things made up of, including living and non-living entities?
    Atoms
  • How many atoms are estimated to be in a single cell?
    More than 100 trillion
  • What is the basic structure of an atom?
    A central nucleus surrounded by electrons in shells
  • What particles make up the nucleus of an atom?
    Protons and neutrons
  • What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
    One
  • How much smaller is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?
    Two thousand times smaller
  • What charge do protons have?
    Positive charge (+1)
  • What charge do neutrons have?
    No charge (neutral)
  • What charge do electrons have?
    Negative charge (-1)
  • How can you remember the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
    Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative
  • What is the approximate radius of an atom?
    0.1 nanometers
  • What is mostly found in an atom?
    Empty space
  • How does the size of the nucleus compare to the size of the atom?
    The nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the atom
  • What happens when an atom gains or loses electrons?
    It becomes an ion
  • What is a negative ion?
    An atom with more electrons than protons
  • How do you denote a one minus negative ion?
    By having one extra electron
  • What is a positive ion?
    An atom with more protons than electrons
  • How do you denote a one plus positive ion?
    By having one less electron
  • What information does a nuclear symbol provide about an element?
    • Elemental symbol (e.g., O for oxygen)
    • Atomic number (number of protons)
    • Mass number (total number of protons and neutrons)
  • What does the atomic number tell us?
    How many protons an atom has
  • How many protons does an oxygen atom have?
    Eight protons
  • How many protons does a lithium atom have?
    Three protons
  • How many neutrons does lithium have if its mass number is 7?
    Four neutrons
  • How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
    Mass number minus atomic number
  • How many electrons does an atom have if it has three protons?
    Three electrons
  • How many neutrons does oxygen have if its mass number is 16?
    Eight neutrons
  • How many electrons does an oxygen atom have?
    Eight electrons
  • How many electrons does a lithium atom have?
    Three electrons