2.9 Metallic Bonding

• What type of bonding occurs between metal atoms?

  Metallic bonding
• What are the characteristic properties of metals attributed to?

  Metallic bonding
• How do metals bond to non-metals?

  Through ionic bonding
• How do non-metals bond to other non-metals?

  Through covalent bonding
• What happens to outer shell electrons in metallic bonding?

  They are given up and shared among all atoms
• What do atoms become when they lose outer shell electrons in metallic bonding?

  Positive ions
• What are delocalized electrons?

  Electrons that are free to move about in the metal structure
• What holds the metallic structure together?

  Strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
• What is a characteristic of most metallic structures regarding melting and boiling points?

  They have high melting and boiling points
• Why are metals good conductors of electricity and heat?

  Because delocalized electrons can carry electrical current and thermal energy
• What does it mean for metals to be malleable?

  They can be easily bent or hammered into shapes
• Why can different layers of metal atoms slide over one another?

  Because of their regular structure
• What is the purpose of creating alloys?

  To make a harder metal that won't bend easily
• How are alloys typically made?

  By mixing two different metals or a metal and a non-metal
• Why does using different sized atoms in alloys help increase hardness?

  It disrupts the regular structure of the metal
• What is steel primarily made of?

  Iron
• What percentage of carbon is typically found in steel?

  One to two percent
• What additional elements can be found in steel to enhance its properties?

  Chromium, manganese, or vanadium
• In what applications is steel commonly used due to its strength?

  In cars and planes
• What are the key properties of metals due to metallic bonding?

  • High melting and boiling points
  • Good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Malleability (can be bent or hammered)
• How do alloys differ from pure metals?

  • Alloys contain two or more different elements
  • Alloys have disrupted regular structures
  • Alloys are generally harder than pure metals