chem unit 2

• What are the three main types of bonding in elements and compounds?

  Covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and metallic bonding
• How does covalent bonding occur?

  Atoms share electrons so their outer shells overlap
• In which types of elements does covalent bonding occur?

  Only in non-metals
• What are the two types of covalent bonding?

  Simple covalent and giant covalent
• What are examples of simple covalent molecules?

  CH$_4$, H$_2$O, CO$_2$
• What distinguishes giant covalent compounds from simple covalent compounds?

  Giant covalent compounds have thousands of atoms joined together
• What are examples of giant covalent compounds?

  Diamond, graphite, graphene, and silicon dioxide
• What is the definition of ionic bonding?


  It is the giving and taking of electrons between metals and non-metals
• What structure is formed during ionic bonding?

  A giant ionic lattice of positive and negative ions
• What is the definition of an ionic bond?


  A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
• What are examples of ionic compounds?

  Calcium chloride, magnesium oxide, and aluminium bromide
• What is the definition of metallic bonding?

  A strong electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalized electrons
• What is the structure formed by metallic bonding?

  A giant metallic lattice
• What types of elements form metallic bonds?

  Only metals
• Which of the following is a metallic compound? Sodium, calcium, aluminium, copper, or iron?

  Iron
• How do delocalized electrons contribute to metallic bonding?

  They create a sea of electrons that allows attraction to positive ions
• What are the key characteristics of covalent bonding?

  • Occurs only in non-metals
  • Atoms share a pair of electrons
  • Forms simple covalent or giant covalent structures
• What are the key characteristics of ionic bonding?

  • Involves both metals and non-metals
  • Involves the giving and taking of electrons
  • Forms a giant ionic lattice structure
• What are the key characteristics of metallic bonding?

  • Occurs only within metals
  • Involves delocalized electrons
  • Forms a giant metallic lattice structure
• What should you remember about the types of bonding in compounds?

  • Covalent bonding: non-metals share electrons
  • Ionic bonding: metals and non-metals transfer electrons
  • Metallic bonding: metals have delocalized electrons