education

• What are cultural factors?

  Factors affecting educational achievement which are related to socialisation, values, attitudes and upbringing
• What is cultural deprivation?

  A lack of attitudes, skills and values needed for educational success
• What is cultural capital?

  The advantage middle class children have because their values, attitudes and skills are seen as best by the school
• What is social capital?

  The connections and contacts to other people which may help children to get on in life
• What are parental aspirations?

  the extent to which parents expect and want their children to well in school and their career
• What are speech codes?

  the different types of language that middles class and working class children are brought up using
• What are working class values?

  The attitudes and ideas that working class children are socialised into such as immediate gratification
• What are material factors?

  Factors affecting educational success which relate to money
• What is material deprivation?

  A lack of money
• What is the formal curriculum?

  The lesson and subjects that are a part of the time table
• What is labelling?

  When teachers make a judgement about a pupil
• What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

  When a pupil lives up to the label given to them by a teacher to the label become true
• What is setting?

  Dividing pupils based on ability for each subject
• What is anti-school subculture?

  A group of pupils who reject the aims and values of the school and instead rebel against it
• What is institutional racism?

  When an entire organisation is run in a racist discriminatory way
• What is feminisation of schools?

  The idea that schools have become more feminine
• What is a state school?

  A school run and funded by the government
• What is a private school?

  as school not run by the government where parents pay for their children to attend
• What is the old boys network?

  the network of ex-public school pupils who help one another out and give each other an advantage in life
• What a grammar school?

  A school which only allows in pupils who meet a set criteria usually passing an entrance exam
• What is marketisation?

  Allowing schools to compete other one another to attract pupils
• What is social cohesion?

  The functionalist idea that schools help to bind us together and feel like we belong in society
• What is role allocation?

  The functionalist idea that schools help to allocate us to our future jobs in a fair and meritocratic way
• What is social class reproduction?

  The idea that schools ensure that students stay in the same social class they were born into
• What is the correspondence principle?

  The marxist idea that schools reflect the workplace and prepares us to go and be exploited by teaching us to be obedient
• What are giant myths/ the myth of meritocracy?

  The lies that marxist believe schools teach us such as that everyone has an equal chance
• What are equal opportunity policies?

  Policies aimed to encourage equal opportunity between boys and girls
• What does Durkheim believe about the role of schools?

  Education encourages social cohesion
• What does parsons believe the school is important for?

  • Secondary socialisation
  • reminds us our status is earned
  • role allocation
• What do Bowles and Gintis believe?

  The correspondence theory- The main purpose of education is to serve the needs of capitalism
• Hargreaves- Labelling

  Teachers make quick judgements about their students
• Ball- Effects of setting and streaming

  Students in top sets receive positive labels whereas students in bottom sets receive negative labels. Leading to a SFP
• Willis- Anti-school subcultures

  Marxist: Working class boys form anti-school subcultures and they don’t try in school because they didn’t believe they were going to get good jobs
• Halsey- Material deprivation

  Material factors were more important culture factors in educational attainment