Biomechanics

    Cards (154)

    • What is the definition of Linear Motion?
      The movement of a body or object in a straight or curved line when an external force is applied
    • What is the definition, equation and units of force?
      Definition: A push or a pull
      Equation: mass × acceleration or F=MA
      Units: Newtons (N)
    • What is the definition of mass and what are the units?
      Definition: The quantity of matter the body possesses
      Units: Kilograms (kg)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for weight?

      Definition: The gravitational force exerted on an object
      Equation: mass × gravitational field strength
      Units: Newtons (N)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for momentum?

      Definition: The amount of motion a moving object or individual possesses
      Equation: mass × velocity
      Units: Kilogram meters per second (kgm/s)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for distance?
      Definition: The path a body takes as it moves from the starting to finishing position
      Equation: speed × time
      Units: meters (m)
    • What is the definition and units for displacement?
      Definition: The shortest distance travelled in a straight line between the starting and finishing position
      Units: meters (m)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for speed?

      Definition: A measure of a body's movement per unit of time with no reference to direction
      Equation: distance ÷ time
      Units: meters per second (m/s)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for velocity?
      Definition: The rate of change of displacement
      Equation: displacement ÷ time
      Units: meters per second (m/s)
    • What is the definition, equation and units for acceleration?
      Definition: The rate of change of velocity
      Equation: change is velocity ÷ time
      Units: meters per second squared (m/s^2)
    • What is the definition of a scalar quantity?
      A measurement that has size or magnitude only for example mass, speed and distance
    • What is the definition of a vector quantity?
      A measurement that is described in terms of magnitude (size) and direction for example acceleration, velocity and momentum
    • What is the definition of an internal force?
      Forces that muscles generate
    • What is the definition of an external force?
      A force caused by contact to another body
    • What is Newton's first law?
      The law on inertia
    • What is Newton's second law?
      The law of acceleration
    • What is the definition of Newton's second law of acceleration?
      The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force causing the change and the resulting change in momentum takes place in the direction in which the force was applied
    • What is Newton's third law?
      The law of Action and Reaction
    • What is the definition of Newton's third law of action and reaction?
      When one action exerts a force on a second object, there is an equal and opposite force exerted by the second object on the first
    • What is resultant force/net force?
      The sum of all forces acting on the object
    • What is a net force of zero?
      A contant speed or stationary when all forces are balanced also referred to a state of inertia
    • What is the definition of centre of mass?
      The point of concentration of mass or the point of balance of a body in all directions. It is constantly changing as athletes move into different positions during sport
    • What are the definitions of stability?
      The ability of a body to resist motion and remain at rest or the ability of a body to withstand force applied and return to its original position
    • What 4 factors affect stability?
      The height/position of the centre of mass-the lower the more stable
      The base of support- larger more stable and more contact points makes you more stable
      Line of gravity- inside base of support makes you stable
      Overall mass- greater the mass the more stable
    • What is the definition of a lever?
      A rigid structure with rotates around a fixed point called a fulcrum when two forces unequal in size are applied
    • What are the different components of a lever in the human body?
      Lever- bone
      Fulcrum- joint
      Effort- muscle/muscular force
      Load- resistance or weight to be moved
    • First class lever examples
      Throwing a dart
      Neck movement e.g headed in football
    • Second class lever examples
      Calf raises
      Pointing toes
    • Third class lever examples
      Every other limb movement e.g biceps curl
    • What is a mechanical advantage and which lever does it apply to?
      It is when the effort arm is greater than the load arm which means it can lift heavier loads with less effort e.g second class lever
    • What is a mechanical disadvantage and which lever does it apply to?
      It is when the load arm is greater than the effort arm, it cannot lift heavy things with less effort it requires more effort e.g third class lever
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of second class lever?
      Advantages- mechanical advantage
      Disadvantages- slower movement and less flexible
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of a third class ever?
      Advantages- Fast movement and large range of motion
      Disadvantages- mechanical disadvantage
    • Definition of impusle
      The force applied over a period of time
      Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object
    • Equation for impulse
      Force × time
    • What components of fitness are linked to impulse?
      Strength and speed
    • How is impulse used in sport?
      It can be used to increase the acceleration of a body or object e.g. tennis
      It can be used to deceleration a body or object e.g catching a cricket ball
    • How is impulse used to accelerate an object or body?
      Through the use of a follow through as it increases the time the force is applied to the ball in a forehand in tennis for example
    • How is impulse used to deceleration an object or body?
      Through the use of 'giving' or 'cushioning' this is when you catch a ball and you bring it towards your body which increases the time over which the force is applied in order to stop the ball, reducing the amount of force required and reducing the chance of the ball being dropped
    • What is positive impulse?
      When an object is accelerating