Digital data

• What is the definition of data?

  Data consists of facts and figures without inherent meaning.
• How is information different from data?

  Information is data that has been processed and given meaning.
• What is the process of an information system?

  • Input data
  • Process data
  • Output information
• What is a binary digit (bit)?

  A binary digit (bit) has a value of 0 or 1.
• What is a byte?

  A byte is a grouping of bits, specifically 8 bits.
• How many bits are in a nibble?

  A nibble consists of four bits.
• How many bytes are in a kilobyte (KB)?

  1024 bytes make up 1 kilobyte (KB).
• How many kilobytes are in a megabyte (MB)?

  1024 kilobytes make up 1 megabyte (MB).
• How many megabytes are in a gigabyte (GB)?

  1024 megabytes make up 1 gigabyte (GB).
• How many gigabytes are in a terabyte (TB)?

  1024 gigabytes make up 1 terabyte (TB).
• What does ASCII stand for?

  ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
• How are characters stored in ASCII?

  Characters are stored in a unique binary pattern in ASCII.
• What are the different data types mentioned?

  • Integer: whole numbers, can be positive or negative (e.g., 10, -9)
  • Real number: decimals or fractions, can be positive or negative (e.g., 7.9, -3)
• What are the formats for displaying dates and times?

  • Long date: Saturday, April 1, 2024
  • Medium date: 1-Apr-2024
  • Short date: 01/01/24
  • Long time: 13:26:34
  • Medium time: 01:26pm
  • Short time: 13:26
• What is a string in digital technology?

  A string is textual information in the form of a sentence of characters.
• What is a bitmap image?

  A bitmap image stores details about every individual pixel.
• What is the relationship between pixels and image quality?

  More pixels result in better image quality.
• What is a vector image?

  A vector image is based on mathematical objects like lines and shapes.
• What is the advantage of vector images over bitmap images?

  Vector images are easier to edit and use less storage.
• How do you calculate the number of colors in an image based on bits?

  The number of colors is calculated as $2^{\text{number of bits}}$.
• What is buffering in video streaming?

  Buffering is an allocated part of memory used to store a downloaded part of the video before it is watched.
• What is the purpose of buffering in video streaming?

  Buffering helps prevent possible disruptions in streaming the video.
• What are the advantages of streaming a video?

  • Users do not save a full copy of the video.
  • Users do not have to wait for the entire file to download.
  • Users' computers do not need to store the entire file.
• What is sample rate in sound representation?

  Sample rate is the number of sound samples captured every second to represent sound.
• How does bit depth affect sound quality?

  Higher bit depth requires higher quality sound representation.
• What is the typical bit depth for CD-quality audio?

  The typical bit depth for CD-quality audio is 16 bits.
• What is bit rate in sound representation?

  Bit rate is the quantity of data measured in bits processed in a given amount of time.
• How do you calculate bit rate?

  Bit rate is calculated as $\text{Bit rate} =$$\text{Bit depth} \times \text{Sample Rate}$.
• What is the difference between analog and digital signals?

  Analog signals are continuous, while digital signals are represented in binary format.
• What happens if the sampling rate is too low?

  A low sampling rate results in a loss of audio quality.
• How do you calculate the file size of an image?

  File size is calculated as $\text{Size} =$$\text{Width} \times \text{Depth} \times \text{Color depth}$.
• What does DPI stand for in image resolution?

  DPI stands for dots per inch.
• How does image resolution affect image quality?

  Higher resolution results in sharper images but requires more storage space.
• What is pixelation in bitmap images?

  Pixelation occurs when you enlarge a bitmap image, making the pixels appear larger.
• What happens to image quality during pixelation?

  The image quality is reduced during pixelation.