Population geography

• What does the term 'population' refer to?

  The number of people living in a certain area
• How is the birth rate defined?

  A measurement of the number of live births in a country per 1,000 people per year
• What does the death rate measure?

  The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
• What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) used for?

  To show changes in population over time
• What are the three factors that cause changes in population?

  Births, deaths, and migration
• What is meant by 'natural change' in population?

  The difference between births and deaths in a population
• What occurs when the birth rate is higher than the death rate?

  A natural increase in population
• What does a higher death rate than birth rate indicate?

  A natural decrease in population
• What is immigration?

  Entering a country with the intention of living there for at least a year
• What is emigration?

  Leaving a country with the intention of living in another country for at least a year
• What does the Demographic Transition Model illustrate?

  The relationship between birth rates, death rates, and population
• What are the five stages of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

  1. Stage one: High birth and death rates, low population
  2. Stage two: Population increases as death rates fall
  3. Stage three: Slower population growth as birth rates fall
  4. Stage four: High population with low birth and death rates
  5. Stage five: Possible population decline due to low birth rates
• What does a wide base on a population pyramid indicate?

  A young population
• What does a narrow base on a population pyramid indicate?

  A low birth rate
• What does a population pyramid with wider bars at the top indicate?

  An ageing population
• What is an anomaly in a population pyramid?

  Data that is significantly different than expected
• What are pro-natal policies?

  Policies designed to increase the birth rate
• What are anti-natal policies?

  Policies designed to decrease the birth rate
• What strategies does the UK use to boost fertility rates?

  Child benefit payments, free childcare, and improved parental leave
• Which country introduced a one-child policy in the 1970s?

  China
• What has been a consequence of China's one-child policy?

  A decrease in human rights regarding family size decisions
• How has Kerala managed to control its population growth?

  Through improvements in education and healthcare
• What is the literacy rate among women in Kerala?

  85 percent
• What has led to falling infant mortality rates in Kerala?

  Improvements in education and healthcare
• What is the purpose of the Planet Planners game?

  To make decisions for the planet regarding population management
• What are the key factors influencing population changes?

  • Birth rates
  • Death rates
  • Migration (immigration and emigration)
• What are the implications of an ageing population?

  • Increased death rates
  • Potential economic slowdown
  • Need for more healthcare services
• How do population pyramids vary across different countries?

  • Shape indicates age distribution
  • Wide base = young population
  • Narrow base = ageing population
• What are the effects of pro-natal and anti-natal policies?

  • Pro-natal: Increase birth rates
  • Anti-natal: Decrease birth rates