biology!

• What are monosaccharides?

  The simplest carbohydrates
• What is the relationship between monomers and polymers?

  Monomers can combine to form larger molecules called polymers
• What are the three types of monosaccharides mentioned?

  Glucose, fructose, galactose
• What is a disaccharide?

  A carbohydrate formed from two monosaccharides
• What is maltose composed of?

  Glucose + Glucose
• What type of reaction forms maltose?

  A condensation reaction
• What is the glycosidic bond in maltose?

  A bond formed between two glucose molecules
• What is lactose composed of?

  Glucose + Galactose
• What is the process that forms sucrose?

  A condensation reaction between glucose and fructose
• What is hydrolysis in the context of carbohydrates?

  Breaking down polymers into monomers using water
• What are the elements that make up carbohydrates?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• What are the three types of disaccharides mentioned?

  Sucrose, maltose, lactose
• What is the function of cellulose in plants?

  Provides structural support
• What is the difference between starch and cellulose?

  Starch is used for energy storage, while cellulose provides structural support
• What are the two types of starch mentioned?

  Amylase and amylopectin
• What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

  Stores glucose
• What is the structure of triglycerides?

  Made from glycerol and three fatty acids
• What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

  Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond
• What is the structure of phospholipids?

  Glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate group
• What is the function of lysosomes?

  Break down waste materials and cellular debris
• What is the role of ribosomes in cells?

  Protein synthesis
• What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

  Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix made of nucleotides
• What is the role of histones in DNA packaging?

  Help organize DNA into a compact structure
• What is the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?

  The structure formed by alternating sugar and phosphate groups
• What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

  Specific pairing of adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine
• What type of bond connects nucleotides in DNA?

  Phosphodiester bond
• What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

  Stores genetic information and coordinates cell activities
• What is binary fission?

  A method of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells
• What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

  Provide structural support and store substances
• What is the structure of prokaryotic DNA?

  Short, circular DNA molecule
• What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not
• What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

  Synthesizes proteins and lipids
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  Controls the entrance and exit of molecules
• What is the role of the nucleolus?

  Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
• What is the structure of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

  Larger (80S) than in prokaryotic cells
• What is the role of the cytoplasm?

  Fluid that fills the cell and holds organelles
• What is the function of the cell wall in plants?

  Provides structural support and protection
• What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

  Cellulose