AS LEVEL BIOLOGY.

• Monomer?


  smaller units from which larger molecules can be made.
• polymer?

  Molecule made from lots of monomers bonded together.
• Examples of monomers?


  Glucose, amino acids, nucleotides.
• Example of polymers?

  starch, cellulose, glycogen. proteins and DNA, RNA.
• Condensation reaction?


  2 molecules joining together through the formation of a chemical bond, and a release of a water molecule.
• Hydrolysis reaction?


  2 molecules being separated apart through the breaking of a chemical bond which involves the use of a water molecule.
• Monosaccharide?


  Monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made.
• Examples of monosaccharides?


  GFG- glucose, fructose, galactose.
• Draw the structure of beta glucose?


  :

  
• Draw structure of alpha glucose?


  Looks like this.

  
• What are alpha and beta glucose called?


  Isomers- they have the same molecular formula( C6H12O6.) but different structures.
• Disaccharide?


  Molecule formed through the condensation of two monosaccharides in which a glycosidic bond is formed.
• Disaccharide examples?


  MSL- maltose, sucrose, lactose.
• Write the 3 equations for formation of disaccharides?


  glucose + glucose---> maltose + water. glucose + fructose---> sucrose + water. glucose + galactose---> lactose + water.
• Draw a glycosidic bond between two glucose molecules?

  Hydrolysis would be the opposite.

  
• Polysaccharides?


  Molecules created through the condensation of many glucose units.
• Examples of polysaccharides and their functions?


  starch - store of glucose to provide energy in plants. Cellulose- structural strength of cell wall. glycogen - store of glucose- to provide energy in animals.
• What are the monomers starch, cellulose and glycogen are made from?


  starch and glycogen monomers are alpha glucose. cellulose is beta glucose.