Lecture XVII

• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  • oxygenated blood: erythrocytes are 98 - 100 % saturated with oxygen
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  • hemoglobin is the protein we use to hold oxygen in erythrocytes
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  • seen in systemic arteries and pulmonary veins
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  systemic arteries:

  • high oxygen blood leaving heart to go to peripheral tissues
  • low oxygen blood
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  pulmonary veins

  • high oxygen blood coming from lungs and going to heart
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  • still 70 - 75 % saturated with oxygen seen in systemic veins and pulmonary arteries
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP

  systemic veins

  • go to heart from peripheral tissues

  pulmonary arteries

  • going to take blood from heart to send to lungs
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 1: SYSTOLE: when a chamber of the heart contracts
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 1: SYSTOLE

  • atrial systole
  • ventricular systole (reflects blood pressure)
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 2: DIASTOLE: when a chamber in the heart is relaxing
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 2: DIASTOLE

  • atrial diastole
  • ventricular diastole (reflects blood pressure)
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA: upper chambers
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • small in size, weak walls
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • right side: low oxygen blood, receives blood from vena cava
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • left side: high oxygen blood
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • left side: coming from pulmonary veins (from lungs)
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • septum is the wall between atria that separates high and low oxygen blood
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • atrial systole is when the right and left sides contract at the same time
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 3: ATRIA

  • atrial systole finished filling of ventricles
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES: lower, thick walled chambers
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • right side: moves blood to lungs
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • right side: need to get oxygen blood to pulmonary trunk and arteries
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • right side: wall is not as thick as left ventricle
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • right side: does not need a lot of pressure
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • left side: moves blood to body except lungs
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • left side: thick wall because it needs to generate a lot of force
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • septum is the walls that separated low and high oxygen blood
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 4: VENTRICLES

  • also contains autorhythmic cells
• Added Notes:

  • ventricles move the same amount of blood
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • great veins: vena cava, drain blood from peripheral tissues to right hand side of heart
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • pulmonary trunk: artery, take blood from right ventricles to lungs
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • low oxygen blood in great veins and pulmonary trunk
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • pulmonary veins: drain blood from lungs to heart
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • aorta: takes blood from heart to peripheral tissue
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • high oxygen blood in pulmonary veins and aorta
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. A: DUAL PUMP. 5: BLOOD VESSELS

  • rules:
  • move same amount of blood
  • move blood at same time
  • low oxygen and high oxygen blood don't mix
  • left ventricle generates more force
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. B: VALVES AND HEART SOUNDS

  • all valves are made of dense irregular connective tissue
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. B: VALVES AND HEART SOUNDS

  • valves open and closed based on pressure gradients
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. B: VALVES AND HEART SOUNDS

  • in the heart, only ventricles can affect values
• I: GROSS ANATOMY. B: VALVES AND HEART SOUNDS. 1: AV VALVES: atrioventricular valve