Energy

• When work is done against gravity, it increases the gravitational potential energy of the object.
• Energy stored when an elastic material is stretched or compressed
• Energy stored in stretched springs or deformed objects
• Chemical Potential Energy
• Work done by a force on an object causes its kinetic energy to increase.
• Elastic Potential Energy
• Energy stored due to the position of an object relative to Earth's surface
• Stored energy due to the height of an object above ground level
• Work done = force x distance moved in direction of force
• Energy is transferred when the potential energy changes into kinetic energy or vice versa.
• Energy can be transferred between objects by work done, heating, radiation, sound waves, electrical currents, magnetic fields, chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, and gravitational forces.
• Kinetic Energy


  The energy of motion, dependent on the object's speed and mass
• Potential Energy


  Stored energy dependent on the object's position or state
• Thermal Energy


  The energy of heat, transferring heat from one object to another
• Electrical Energy


  The energy of moving charged particles (electrons), transferring electricity through conductors
• Chemical Energy


  Energy stored in chemical bonds, released through chemical reactions
• Nuclear Energy


  Energy stored in atomic nuclei, released through nuclear reactions
• Kinetic → Potential Energy


  Converting kinetic energy into potential energy by changing position or height
• Potential → Kinetic Energy


  Converting potential energy into kinetic energy by falling or moving
• Kinetic Energy → Potential Energy:


  Roller coaster cresting a hill, converting kinetic energy into potential energy due to its height.
• Kinetic Energy → Potential Energy:


  Ball rolling down a hill, converting kinetic energy into potential energy as it rises to the top.
• Kinetic Energy → Potential Energy:


  Compressed spring, converting kinetic energy into potential energy, storing it for later release.
• Potential Energy → Kinetic Energy:


  Roller coaster descending a hill, converting potential energy into kinetic energy, gaining speed.
• Potential Energy → Kinetic Energy:


  Ball rolling down a hill, converting potential energy into kinetic energy as it gains speed and moves.
• Thermal Energy System


  Transfers energy through temperature differences and heat flow
• Electromagnetic Energy System


  Transfers energy through electromagnetic forces and electric circuits
• Mechanical Energy System


  Transfers energy through physical movement and mechanical components
• Chemical Energy System


  Transfers energy through chemical reactions and chemical bonds
• Nuclear Energy System


  Transfers energy through nuclear reactions and radioactive decay
• Specific Heat Capacity


  It is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius. It is measured in J/g°C (joules per gram per Celsius degree)
• What does Specific Heat Capacity measure?


  It measures the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius
• Why is Water's Specific Heat Capacity important?


  Because it can absorb a lot of heat energy before its temperature changes, making it useful for regulating Earth's climate and temperature
• What is an example of a substance with a high Specific Heat Capacity?


  Water
• What is an example of a substance with a low Specific Heat Capacity?


  Metals
• Specific Heat Capacity and Heat Transfer


  Specific Heat Capacity helps determine how much heat energy is required to change the temperature of a substance.
• Thermal Energy and Specific Heat Capacity


  Specific Heat Capacity is a measure of the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a substance.
• Calorimetry and Specific Heat Capacity


  Specific Heat Capacity is essential in calorimetry, the study of heat transfer and energy changes.
• Thermal Expansion and Specific Heat Capacity


  Specific Heat Capacity affects how substances change their size and shape in response to temperature changes.
• Latent Heat and Specific Heat Capacity


  Specific Heat Capacity is connected to latent heat, the energy required to change the state of a substance (e.g., melting or boiling).
• What does Specific Heat Capacity help with in Heat Transfer?


  It helps determine how much heat energy is required to change the temperature of a substance