Particle Model and Matter

• Atoms


  Smallest units of matter that still retain the properties of an element
• Molecules


  Groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together
• 
  

  A substance that consists of the same type of atom
• Compound


  A substance that consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together
• Matter


  Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Atomic Number (Z)


  The number of protons in an atom's nucleus, which determines the element's identity
• Atomic Mass (A)


  The total mass of an atom, which is the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons
• Nucleus


  The central part of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
• Electronic Shells


  The energy levels that hold electrons in an atom
• Orbital Shape


  The shape of the electron cloud around an atom
• Electron Configuration


  The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels
• Atoms are the building blocks of


  Matter
• Molecules are formed when


  two or more atoms share electrons to form a chemical bond
• Particles are always in what state?

  Constant motion
• What determines the element of an atom?


  The number of protons in an atom
• Which electrons play a crucial role in chemical bonding?


  Valence electrons
• What shells can hold a specific number of electrons?


  Energy levels or electron shells
• The formula to calculate density is:


  mass / volume
• The unit of density is usually:


  grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
• What affects an object's buoyancy?


  Density
• The formula to calculate internal energy is:


  3/2 x R x T + Uconfig + Uintermol
• What increases with temperature in a system?


  Internal energy
• What is released or absorbed during a phase transition?


  Latent heat
• The formula to calculate specific latent heat is:


  Q / m
• What is specific latent heat measured in?


  Joules per kilogram (J/kg)
• Specific latent heat is constant for what?


  A substance and the state change