WK6 L11: Reading

• What is orthography?

  Orthography refers to the conventional spelling system of a language.
• How many languages are spoken globally?

  Approximately 7,000 languages are spoken globally.
• What is the significance of writing systems in human history?

  Writing systems are relatively new inventions in human history.
• What are the main types of writing systems (orthography)?

  • Alphabets: Represent phonemes (e.g., "cat" = /k/, /æ/, /t/)
  • Abjads: Omit most vowels (e.g., بتك can mean "kataba")
  • Syllabaries: Represent syllables (e.g., "かたな" = katana)
  • Logographies: Represent morphemes/words (e.g., 大 = big)
• What is the role of graphemes in learning to read?

  Graphemes represent the sounds of spoken language.
• What is the alphabetic principle?

  The alphabetic principle is the understanding that letters represent sounds.

  
• What are the problems faced when learning to read in alphabetic languages?

  Problems include segmentation, ambiguity, and transparency issues.
• What does orthographic depth refer to?

  Orthographic depth refers to the consistency of grapheme-phoneme mappings.
• Which language is considered to have the deepest orthography?

  English is considered to have the deepest orthography among alphabetic languages.
• What are the foundations of the alphabetic principle?

  1. Knowledge of the alphabet
  2. Explicit awareness of the sounds of letters
  3. Oral language
  4. Supported by explicit and direct instruction (phonics)

  
• What is the Triangle model in reading?

  The Triangle model describes the connections between spelling, sound, and meaning in reading.

  
• What is the DRC model in reading?

  The DRC model implements two distinct routes: sublexical and lexical.

  
• What is acquired dyslexia?

  Acquired dyslexia is a neuropsychological disorder of reading resulting from brain injury.
• What are the types of central dyslexia?

  • Surface dyslexia: Impaired lexical non-semantic route
  • Deep dyslexia: Impairment in both routes
  • Semantic dyslexia: Issues with understanding word meanings
• What challenges do surface dyslexics face?

  Surface dyslexics struggle with exception words and make reasonable attempts with pseudowords.
• What is the key feature of the DRC model?

  The key feature is left-to-right sequential processing in reading.

  
• What is whammying in reading?

  Whammying is processing conflict when encountering digraphs.
• What is the difference between surface and deep dyslexia?

  Surface dyslexia affects the lexical route, while deep dyslexia affects both routes.
• What are the main points summarized from the lecture?

  • Reading is a new skill in human civilization.
  • It is a biologically secondary skill.
  • Different writing systems have varying orthographic depth.
  • Alphabetic principles are foundational for reading.
  • DRC model explains skilled reading.
  • Acquired dyslexia includes surface, deep, and semantic types.