WK6 L12: Developmental Dyslexia

• What is the definition of developmental dyslexia?

  Difficulty in learning to read despite instruction
• What does the Phonological Deficit Hypothesis explain?

  It explains difficulties in processing sounds of language
• What are the two hypotheses mentioned regarding dyslexia?

  Phonological deficit and visual deficit hypotheses
• What are the signs and symptoms of dyslexia?

  • Difficulty processing sounds of language
  • Difficulty processing written letters
  • Nonword reading issues
  • Poor phoneme awareness
  • Reduced enjoyment of reading
• What is grapheme-phoneme conversion?

  It is the process of linking letters to sounds
• How do dyslexic children's picture naming abilities compare to controls?

  Dyslexics perform worse than age-matched controls
• What is the relationship between reading level and enjoyment of reading in dyslexics?

  Dyslexics read less and enjoy reading less
• What visual problems are associated with dyslexia?

  Blurring or distortion of text and visual crowding
• What does the area V5 of the occipital lobe relate to?

  Motion direction and speed detection
• What were the two groups in Olulade et al.'s intervention study?

  • Group 1: Reading treatment group
  • Group 2: Maths treatment group (control)
• What is the implication of the phonological deficit in dyslexia?

  It is causally implicated in reading failure
• What was the age of children tested in Gallagher, Frith & Snowling's study?

  3.75 years old
• What did Gallagher, Frith & Snowling find about at-risk children?

  57% were delayed in literacy development
• What were the four groups identified in Gallagher, Frith & Snowling's study?

  1. At-risk with impaired reading
  2. At-risk with normal reading
  3. Not at risk with impaired reading
  4. Not at risk with normal reading
• What did the study reveal about phonological deficits?

  Phonological deficits pre-date reading problems
• What is the significance of orthographic depth in dyslexia?

  • English has a deeper orthography than Japanese
  • Dyslexics may struggle more with deeper orthographies
• What are the key points about dyslexia from the lecture?

  • Characterized by phonological weaknesses
  • Visual deficits may result from lack of reading experience
  • Not all languages lead to literacy problems