MECHANISMS

• What is a nucleophile?

  electron pair donor
• What is an electrophile?

  electron pair acceptor
• What nucleophiles are used in the nucleophilic substitution of a haloalkane?

  OH- CN- or NH3
• What does the reaction of haloalkanes and ammonia form?

  primary amines
• Why do you need excess ammonia in the nucleophilic substitution of haloalkanes?

  to prevent additional substitution reactions as the N on primary amines has a lone pair of electrons
• name the mechanism of Ch3CH2Br + OH- -> CH3CH2OH

  nucleophilic substitution
• name the mechanism of CH3CH2Br + OH- -> CH2CH2

  nucleophilic elimination
• What electrophiles are used in the electrophilic addition of alkenes?

  Br2 HBr or H2SO4
• What is the name of the intermediate of the electrophilic addition of alkenes?

  carbocations
• Name the mechanism of CH2CH2 + H3PO4 -> CH3CH2OH

  hydration
• where does the H+ ion come from in the hydration of ethene?

  H3PO4 catalyst