Anaerobic respiration

• Location of anaerobic respiration


  cytoplasm
• What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?

  Lactate fermentation and Alcoholic fermentation
• What are the benefits of anaerobic respiration?


  quick release of a small amount of ATP
• What are the stages of lactate fermentation (in muscle cells)?

  Lactate fermentation:

  A) Lactate

  B) Lactate dehydrogenase

  C) Pyruvate

  D) reduced NAD

  E) NAD

  F) 2 H

  
• Describe Lactate fermentation?


  reduced NAD from glycolysis transfers hydrogen to pyruvate to form lactate and NAD. Catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase.

  NAD reused in glycolysis.
• What are the stages of alcoholic fermentation (in yeast cells)?

  Alcoholic fermentation:

  A) 2 pyruvate

  B) 2 reduced NAD

  C) 2 NAD

  D) 2 CO2

  E) 2 Ethanol

  
• Describe alcoholic fermentation in yeast cells?


  CO2 is removed from pyruvate, catalysed by pyruvate decarboxylase, to form ethanal.

  Reduced NAD from glycolysis transfers hydrogen to form ethanol and NAD, catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenase.
• Why does anaerobic respiration produce a lower yield of ATP than aerobic?


  Anaerobic only includes one energy releasing stage (glycolysis) which only produces 2 ATP per glucose.

  Krebs cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation require oxygen, so cant occur during anaerobic respiration
• Explain differences in relative energy values of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins?

  Lipids have highest bc most ATP is produced in oxidative phosphorylation, which requires hydrogen atoms.

  Meaning the respiratory substrate with most hydrogen atoms per unit mass cause more ATP to be produced.
• formula for RQ


  Volume of CO2 released/ volume of O2 consumed