GCSE PE - Fitness and Body systems

• What is the primary purpose of levers in the body?

  To make physical activity easier
• Which activities commonly involve lever systems in the body?

  Running, lifting weights, and kicking or throwing a ball
• What system in the body creates lever systems?

  The musculo-skeletal system
• What components make up a lever system in the body?

  Bones, joints, and muscles
• In the context of running, who or what is the object being moved?

  The person running
• When kicking a ball, what is the object being moved?

  The ball
• What are the four components of a lever system?

  1. Load - resistance placed on the structure
  2. Effort - muscular force used to move the object
  3. Fulcrum - joint around which movement occurs
  4. Lever - bones of the skeleton

  
• What is the load in a lever system?

  The resistance that is placed on the rigid structure
• What does the effort represent in a lever system?

  The muscular force we use to move the object

  
• What is the fulcrum in a lever system?

  The joint around which the movement occurs
• What are the components of a lever system in the body?

  A bone, a joint, a muscle, and body weight
• How can you remember the different types of levers?

  1. 2-3 = F-L-E

  • First
  • Second
  • Third

  
• What can lever systems be used to achieve?

  Move heavier loads and move a load further and faster
• What is mechanical advantage in lever systems?

  When a large load can be lifted with relatively little effort

  
• How is mechanical advantage calculated?

  Mechanical advantage = effort arm ÷ resistance arm
• What does a greater effort arm compared to the resistance arm indicate?

  A greater mechanical advantage
• What is mechanical disadvantage in lever systems?

  When it takes a lot to lift a relatively small load
• What occurs when the lever arm is longer than its effort arm?

  It results in a mechanical disadvantage
• What is one function of the skeleton?

  Protection of vital organs
• What is another function of the skeleton?

  Muscle attachment
• What is a third function of the skeleton?

  Joints for movement
• What is a fourth function of the skeleton?

  Platelets, red and white blood cell production
• What is the fifth function of the skeleton?

  Storage of calcium and phosphorus
• What are the classifications of bones?

  • Irregular
  • Flat
  • Long
  • Short

  
• What is the significance of isolating specific joint movements in sports?

  It allows for targeted training and improved performance.
• Which joint has the greatest movement?

  Ball and socket joint
• Which joint has the lowest movement?

  Pivot joint
• How is a joint defined?

  A joint is a place where two or more bones meet.
• What is the first classification of joints?

  Pivot Joint
• What is the second classification of joints?

  Hinge Joint
• What is the third classification of joints?

  Ball and socket joint
• What is the fourth classification of joints?

  Condyloid Joint
• Why does each type of joint have a specific range of movement?

  Because of their unique structures and functions.
• What are the movements possible at the vertebral column?

  1. Flexion (bending forwards)
  2. Extension (bending backwards)
  3. Lateral flexion (bending sideways)
  4. Rotation (twisting and turning)
• What is the movement called when bending forwards at the vertebral column?

  Flexion
• What is the movement called when bending backwards at the vertebral column?

  Extension
• What is the movement called when bending sideways at the vertebral column?

  Lateral flexion
• What is the movement called when twisting and turning at the vertebral column?

  Rotation
• What is the role of tendons and ligaments?

  • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone and hold the joint together
  • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone, transferring effort for movement
• What do ligaments connect?

  Bone to bone