Ionic compounds

• What are the three types of strong chemical bonds?

  Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds
• What are atoms that have gained or lost electrons called?

  Ions
• What occurs during ionic bonding?

  Ionic bonds occur between positive and negative ions
• How are ions formed?

  Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons
• What is the electronic structure of ions?

  Ions have a complete outer shell of electrons
• What happens to metal atoms during ionic bonding?

  Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged ions
• What happens to non-metal atoms during ionic bonding?

  Non-metal atoms gain electrons to become negatively charged ions
• What is the nature of the ionic bond?

  The ionic bond is a strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions
• What ionic compound is formed when sodium reacts with chlorine?

  Sodium chloride (NaCl)
• What happens when two sodium atoms react with one molecule of chlorine?

  Each sodium atom transfers one electron to one of the chlorine atoms
• How many electrons do all four atoms have in their outer shell after the reaction between sodium and chlorine?

  All four atoms now have eight electrons in their outer shell
• What are the ions formed from sodium and chlorine after the reaction?

  Na⁺ and Cl⁻
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction between sodium and chlorine?

  2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl
• What happens when magnesium is burned in oxygen?

  It forms an ionic compound with oxygen
• What happens when two magnesium atoms react with one molecule of oxygen?

  Each magnesium atom loses two electrons to an oxygen atom
• How many electrons does oxygen have in its outer shell?

  Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell
• What happens to the oxygen atoms after the reaction with magnesium?

  Each oxygen atom now has eight electrons in their outer shell
• What are the ions formed from magnesium and oxygen after the reaction?

  Mg²⁺ and O²⁻
• What is the compound formed from magnesium and oxygen?

  Magnesium oxide (MgO)
• What is the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

  2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

  • Giant structures of ions
  • Held together by strong electrostatic forces
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Do not conduct electricity when solid
  • Conduct electricity when molten or in solution
• What is an ionic bond?

  • Attraction between oppositely charged ions
  • Formed through the transfer of electrons
• Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

  • Ionic bonds are very strong
  • Requires lots of energy to overcome them
• What is an ion?

  An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons
• Why do metals form positively charged ions?

  Metals lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell
• What is the formula of potassium chloride?

  KCl
• Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten?

  Because the charged ions are free to move about and carry their charge