force and braking

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video on vehicle braking?

  The energy changes when a vehicle brakes and the potential dangers of large decelerations
• What is the stopping distance of a car composed of?

  The stopping distance consists of the thinking distance plus the braking distance
• How does the speed of a car affect its braking distance?

  If the speed of the car increases, then the braking distance increases significantly
• What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?

  Kinetic energy equals $\frac{1}{2} \times \text{mass} \times \text{velocity}^2$
• Why is it important to learn the kinetic energy formula?

  Because it is not provided in the exam
• How does the kinetic energy change when the velocity of a car is doubled?

  The kinetic energy quadruples when the velocity is doubled
• What happens to the kinetic energy of a car when it brakes to a stop?

  All of the kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy
• What type of energy is produced in the brakes during braking?

  The kinetic energy is converted to thermal energy in the brakes
• What effect does a large braking force have on a vehicle?

  A large braking force causes the car to decelerate rapidly
• What can happen if the brakes overheat?

  It can cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle
• What is the mass of the car used in the example for calculating forces?

  1000 kilograms
• What is the initial speed of the car in the example?

  30 meters per second
• How long does it take for the car to decelerate to zero in the example?

  10 seconds
• How do you calculate the force needed for deceleration?

  Multiply the mass by the acceleration
• What is the acceleration of the car in the example?

  3 meters per second squared
• What force is calculated for the deceleration of the car?

  3000 Newtons
• What are the potential dangers of large decelerations in vehicles?

  • Loss of control of the vehicle
  • Overheating of brakes
  • Increased stopping distance
• What steps should be taken to estimate the forces involved in the deceleration of vehicles?

  1. Identify the mass of the vehicle
  2. Determine the initial and final velocities
  3. Calculate the acceleration
  4. Use the formula: Force = mass × acceleration