Hooliganism

• advantages of spectator behaviour:

  • creates atmosphere of excitement
  • home advantage - familiarity and fans
  • more paying spectators = more money = better facilities
  • more media attention = increased fan base
• disadvantages of spectator behaviour:

  • spectators become over involved at expectation of sucess - hooliganism, violence, sensationalised by media
  • potential crowd trouble must be controlled - concerns for club/police - costs money
  • crowd trouble can cause negative effect for those watching - young people can be put off by watching
• reasons for hooliganism:

  • rivalry - derby games causes passions between fans - hyped up by media to boost sales
  • alcohol/drugs - people more open to suggestion, aggressive behaviour
  • tribal/gang culture - fans believed they are protecting home turf - leads to pre-organised violence
• combating hooliganism:

  • alcohol bans
  • prevention of known hooligans from grounds
  • improved levels of policing of crowd control
  • campaigns with high profile role models to lessen influence of racist movements in supporters
  • early kick-off to prevent alcohol consumption
  • CCTV at grounds
  • all seater stadiums - reduces movement
  • segregation of fans travelling to and within grounds