Hydrogen bonding

• Special intermolecular bonding force that only occurs between molecules that contain hydrogen atoms bonded to very electronegative elements having lone pairs
• • weak compared to intramolecular bonding
  • much stronger than VDW forces
• in water and ice

  • hydrogen atoms are especially + being attached to the electronegative oxygen atom so that the lone pair on the oxygen atom on the other molecule is closely attracted to it
  • bonding is strongest when the 3 atoms are in a straight line
• effects on boiling temp

  • increases with the strength of intermolecular forces
• solubility in water

  • can dissolve in other molecules e.g. lower alcohols which which they can hydrogen bond