puberty & the menstrual cycle

• What is the main focus of today's video?

  The reproductive hormones and the menstrual cycle
• What is puberty?

  The period during which adolescents develop secondary sexual characteristics
• What are secondary sexual characteristics in men?

  Facial hair
• What hormone triggers puberty in men?

  Testosterone
• Where is testosterone produced in men?

  In the testes
• What hormone is primarily responsible for female puberty?

  Estrogen
• Where is estrogen produced in women?

  In the ovaries
• What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Menstruation
  2. Uterus lining buildup
  3. Ovulation
  4. Maintenance of the uterus lining
• What is the average length of a menstrual cycle?

  Around 28 days
• What happens during menstruation?

  It is the period of bleeding due to the breakdown of the uterus lining
• How long does menstruation typically last?

  About four days
• What occurs in stage two of the menstrual cycle?

  The uterus lining starts to build up again
• How long does stage two of the menstrual cycle last?

  Around ten days
• What is the role of the thick spongy layer formed in stage two?

  To prepare the uterus lining for a fertilized egg
• What is ovulation?

  The release of an egg from one of the ovaries
• How long does ovulation last?

  It takes place in a single day
• What happens in stage four of the menstrual cycle?

  It involves maintaining the lining of the uterus
• What occurs if no fertilized egg reaches the uterus?

  The uterus lining starts to break down
• What happens if a fertilized egg implants into the uterus lining?

  The menstrual cycle stops because the woman is pregnant
• What hormone stimulates the uterus lining to grow?

  Estrogen
• What does progesterone do in the menstrual cycle?

  It maintains the lining of the uterus
• What are the two hormones produced in the ovaries?

  Estrogen and progesterone
• Where are luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) produced?

  In the pituitary gland
• What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

  To stimulate one of the eggs to mature in one of the ovaries
• What does LH stimulate on day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

  The release of the egg (ovulation)
• How do the hormones interact during the menstrual cycle?

  • FSH stimulates ovaries to produce estrogen
  • Estrogen inhibits FSH (negative feedback)
  • High estrogen levels stimulate LH release, causing ovulation
  • Progesterone inhibits both LH and FSH
• What is the effect of high estrogen levels on FSH?

  High estrogen levels inhibit FSH
• What happens to FSH levels as estrogen levels start to increase?

  FSH levels start to decrease
• What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

  To inhibit both LH and FSH
• What are the key hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and their functions?

  • Estrogen: Stimulates growth of the uterus lining
  • Progesterone: Maintains the uterus lining
  • FSH: Stimulates egg maturation
  • LH: Stimulates egg release (ovulation)