Kapp Putsch

• In what year did Ebert's government struggle to control the high courts?

  1920
• What event did the clay courts help the government suppress in the previous year?

  The Spartacus revolt
• What was the main issue Ebert's government faced in 1920?

  Growing problems with the clay cops and political opposition
• What did the clay cops threaten to do in March 1920?

  March on Berlin
• Who did Ebert order to fight the clay cops?

  Generals of the German military
• What was the response of the German military to Ebert's orders?

  They did not open fire on the clay cops
• Why were the high cops largely former soldiers?

  Due to the Treaty of Versailles restricting the army size
• What happened to Ebert's government as the clay cops gained control of Berlin?

  They urged passive resistance and strikes
• What essential services were affected by the strikes in Berlin?

  Gas, electricity, water, and transport
• What did Kapp attempt to do when he realized he couldn't govern?

  He attempted to flee
• What happened to Kapp after he was caught?

  He was put in prison and later died
• What was the outcome of the rebellion after Kapp's capture?

  The Weimar government and ministers were able to return
• What series of events followed the Spartacus revolt and the Kapp Putsch?

  A series of political assassinations occurred
• Who was murdered in August 1919?

  Hugo Hasse
• Who was shot and killed in June 1922?

  Walther Rathenau
• How many political murders occurred between 1919 and 1922?

  376 political murders
• Which political leanings were most victims of political murders associated with?

  Modern or left-wing politicians
• How did judges respond to left-wing and right-wing political violence?

  Judges were more sympathetic to the political right
• What did political parties do in response to violence?

  They hired armed men to guard their meetings
• What paramilitary group did the KPD have?

  Red Front Fighters
• What paramilitary group did the DNVP have?

  Steel Helmets
• What was the effect of the presence of private armies at political meetings?

  It often caused violence
• What were the key events surrounding the Kapp Putsch and political violence in Germany from 1920 to 1922?

  • Kapp Putsch in March 1920
  • Ebert's government urges passive resistance
  • Strikes disrupt essential services
  • Kapp attempts to flee and is captured
  • Series of political assassinations from 1919 to 1922
  • 376 political murders, mostly left-wing victims
  • Judges favor right-wing perpetrators
  • Political parties form paramilitary groups for protection
• What was the political climate in Germany during 1920?

  It was marked by violence and instability
• What was the role of the Treaty of Versailles in the political situation in Germany?

  It restricted the size of the German army, leading to unemployment among soldiers
• How did the political violence affect the Weimar Republic's stability?

  It undermined the government's authority and led to further unrest