human nervous system

• What is homeostasis?

  Regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions
• What are the internal conditions that homeostasis controls?

  Blood glucose concentration, body temperature, and water levels
• Which organs are examples of coordinators in the body?

  The brain, spinal cord, and pancreas
• What role do receptors play in homeostasis?

  They detect a stimulus and send information to coordinators
• What are effectors in the context of homeostasis?

  Glands or muscles that carry out the body's responses to stimuli
• How do muscles respond to stimuli in homeostasis?

  They contract and cause movement
• How do glands respond to stimuli in homeostasis?

  They release hormones which bring about changes in the body
• What are the two main systems the body uses to maintain homeostasis?

  • Nervous responses: Use nerves to transfer electrical signals
  • Hormonal responses: Use hormones released into the bloodstream
• What type of signals do nervous responses use?

  Electrical signals
• How do hormonal responses communicate with effectors?

  Hormones travel through the bloodstream to various effectors
• What type of effectors do muscles represent in homeostasis?

  Muscles which contract and cause movement
• How are muscles signaled in homeostasis?

  Using nerves (electrical signals)
• How are glands coordinated in homeostasis?

  By another gland, such as the pancreas or pituitary gland
• What are the roles of muscles and glands as effectors in homeostasis?

  • Muscles: Contract to cause movement
  • Glands: Release hormones/enzymes to regulate body functions
• What type of impulses do receptors send to the central nervous system?

  Electrical impulses
• What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

  The brain and spinal cord
• What is the role of the CNS in the body?

  It coordinates the response of effectors
• What are the possible effectors that the CNS coordinates?

  Muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones
• What are the components of a reflex arc?

  • Stimulus
  • Receptor
  • Coordinator
  • Effector
  • Response
• What structures in a reflex arc are students expected to explain?

  Sensory neurone, synapse, relay neurone, and motor neurone
• How do the structures in a reflex arc relate to their function?

  Each structure plays a specific role in transmitting signals and coordinating responses
• What characterizes reflex actions?

  They are automatic and rapid
• Do reflex actions involve the conscious part of the brain?

  No, they do not involve the conscious part of the brain
• What is the role of receptors in the nervous system?

  They detect stimuli and send information to the CNS
• What is the definition of effectors in the context of the CNS?

  Effectors are muscles or glands that respond to signals from the CNS
• What is the function of the sensory neurone in a reflex arc?

  It transmits impulses from the receptor to the CNS
• What is the function of the relay neurone in a reflex arc?

  It connects the sensory neurone to the motor neurone within the CNS
• What is the function of the motor neurone in a reflex arc?

  It transmits impulses from the CNS to the effector
• What is the significance of synapses in the reflex arc?

  They allow the transmission of impulses between neurones
• How does the thermoregulatory centre send information to sweat glands in the skin? 


  via the nervous system