Control of blood glucose conc

• What happens in early onset diabetes?

  The immune system attacks pancreatic cells
• What is the primary cause of late onset diabetes?

  Obesity and poor diet over a long period
• What are the two main types of diabetes and their effects?

  • Type 1: Pancreas produces little or no insulin
  • Type 2: Cells no longer respond to insulin
• What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?

  Insulin injections
• What is the treatment for Type 2 diabetes?

  Low carb diet and exercise
• Why is blood glucose control important?

  It is important for respiration and prevents red blood cells from shrinking or bursting
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too high?

  Insulin is secreted into the blood
• What is the target organ for insulin in the body?

  The liver
• What does the liver do in response to insulin?

  The liver converts glucose to glycogen
• What is the response when blood glucose levels return to normal after insulin release?

  Blood glucose level falls and returns to normal
• What happens when blood glucose levels are too low?

  Glucagon is secreted into the blood
• What does the liver do in response to glucagon?

  The liver converts glycogen to glucose
• What is the response when blood glucose levels rise after glucagon release?

  Blood glucose level rises and returns to normal
• What triggers the release of insulin and glucagon in the body?

  • Insulin: Released when blood sugar rises
  • Glucagon: Released when blood sugar falls
• What role do receptors in the pancreas play in blood glucose regulation?

  They detect changes in blood sugar levels
• How does exercise affect blood sugar levels?

  Exercise causes blood sugar to fall
• What is the optimum function of the liver regarding glucose and glycogen?

  The liver converts glucose to glycogen and glycogen to glucose as needed
• What happens to blood glucose levels when insulin is released?


  blood glucose levels decrease