Rates of reaction

• What factors can affect the rate of reaction?

  Temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration
• How do changes in temperature and pH affect enzyme activity?

  They can affect the bonds holding the tertiary structure together
• What happens if the active site of an enzyme is altered?

  The substrate cannot bind, and no enzyme-substrate complexes can form
• What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and the rate of reaction?

  • Higher enzyme concentration increases the number of active sites
  • Greater likelihood of enzyme-substrate complex formation
  • Initial rate of reaction increases linearly with enzyme concentration
• What occurs when substrate amount is limited while increasing enzyme concentration?

  The rate of reaction no longer increases, and the curve flattens out
• How does substrate concentration affect the rate of reaction?

  • Higher substrate concentration increases the rate of reaction
  • More substrate molecules lead to more collisions with enzymes
  • A saturation point is reached when all active sites are occupied
• What is the saturation point in enzyme activity?

  It is the point at which all active sites are occupied
• What are the two different types of enzymes that exist in the body?

  Intracellular enzymes and extracellular enzymes
• What are the four factors that can affect the rate of enzyme action?

  1. Temperature
  2. pH
  3. Enzyme concentration
  4. Substrate concentration