Paper 1 geography

    Cards (116)

    • What are the main topics covered in Paper One of the physical geography exam?
      Natural hazards, the living world, and physical landscapes
    • Which environments should you focus on in the living world section of the exam?
      Cold environments, not deserts
    • What sections should you answer in the physical landscapes part of the exam?
      Coasts and rivers, not glacial landscapes
    • What is a natural hazard?
      A natural process that can cause death, injury, or disruption to humans, property, or possessions
    • How can natural hazards be categorized?
      Into tectonic, geological, and atmospheric hazards
    • Give an example of a tectonic hazard.
      Earthquakes
    • What is the outer layer of the Earth called?
      The crust
    • What is the thickness of the Earth's crust beneath the ocean?
      About 5 to 10 kilometers
    • What is the mantle's thickness?
      About 2,900 kilometers thick
    • What causes convection currents in the Earth's mantle?
      Heat generated by radioactive decay of elements in the core
    • What happens to magma as it heats up?
      It becomes less dense and rises
    • What are the three types of plate boundaries?
      Destructive, constructive, and conservative plate margins
    • What occurs at a destructive plate margin?
      The crust is destroyed as one tectonic plate is subducted beneath another
    • What is formed at a constructive plate margin?
      New crust is created as tectonic plates pull apart
    • What happens at a conservative plate margin?
      Two tectonic plates slide past each other, causing pressure to build up
    • What is the focus of an earthquake?
      The point where the energy is initially released
    • What is the epicenter of an earthquake?
      The point directly above the focus on the Earth's surface
    • What are seismic waves?
      Waves of energy that radiate outwards from the focus of an earthquake
    • What are some ways to manage earthquake risks?
      Building earthquake-resistant structures and increasing public awareness
    • What is the case study for the LIC earthquake?
      The Gawker earthquake in Nepal in 2015
    • What magnitude was the Gawker earthquake?
      1. 8 magnitude
    • What is a secondary impact of the Gawker earthquake?
      A landslide
    • What is the case study for the HIC earthquake?
      The Tohoku earthquake in Japan in 2011
    • What magnitude was the Tohoku earthquake?
      1. 0 magnitude
    • What is a primary effect of an earthquake?
      An immediate impact that occurs as a result of the earthquake
    • What is a lahar?
      A fast-flowing mudflow associated with volcanic activity
    • What is pyroclastic flow?
      A superheated gas and ash flow from a volcano
    • Why might some countries respond better to earthquakes than others?
      Wealthier countries can invest in better prediction and preparation
    • What are the three cells in global atmospheric circulation?
      The Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, and the Polar cell
    • What happens at the equator in terms of atmospheric circulation?
      Hot air rises, spreads, cools, and sinks
    • What is the relationship between pressure systems and weather?
      Low pressure causes stormy weather, while high pressure leads to calm weather
    • What is the slogan to remember about wind direction?
      Winds always blow from high to low
    • What are tropical storms called in different parts of the world?
      They have different names depending on the region, such as hurricanes or typhoons
    • What happens at the equator when the sun heats the ground?
      The area heats up, causing air to rise, spread, cool, and sink.
    • What is the relationship between low pressure and weather conditions?
      Low pressure is often caused by hot air rising, leading to stormy, cloudy weather.
    • What is the slogan to remember about wind direction?
      Winds always blow from high to low.
    • How do tropical storms differ in name based on location?
      Tropical storms have different names depending on the region they occur in.
    • What are the six steps for forming a tropical storm?
      1. The sun heats a large area of the ocean.
      2. Warm, moist air rises, creating low pressure.
      3. Air is sucked in, forming a thunderstorm.
      4. Trade winds blow in the opposite direction.
      5. The storm spins faster, exceeding 74 miles per hour.
      6. Cool air sinks in the center, creating calm conditions.
    • What happens to a tropical storm when it hits land?
      It loses its energy source and begins to weaken.
    • How might global warming affect tropical storms?
      Increased ocean temperatures may lead to more frequent tropical storms.
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