mitosis vs meiosis

• What type of cells does mitosis produce?

  Body cells
• What type of cells does meiosis produce?

  Sperm and egg cells (gametes)
• What is the starting cell type for both mitosis and meiosis?

  Diploid cell, written as 2n
• How many chromosomes do humans have in total?

  46 chromosomes
• What happens during interphase before mitosis and meiosis?

  The cell duplicates its chromosomes
• How many chromatids are present after the duplication of 46 chromosomes?

  92 chromatids
• Why is interphase important in cell division?

  It duplicates chromosomes before mitosis or meiosis begins
• What acronym is used to remember the stages of mitosis and meiosis?

  PMAT
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis in terms of PMAT stages?

  Meiosis goes through the PMAT stages twice
• What happens during prophase in mitosis?

  The chromosomes become visible and condense
• What occurs during prophase I in meiosis?

  Chromosomes match up with their homologous pairs
• What is crossing over in meiosis?

  It is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes
• What does metaphase in mitosis involve?

  Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• How does metaphase I in meiosis differ from metaphase in mitosis?

  In metaphase I, chromosomes are in pairs, not a single file line
• What does anaphase in mitosis involve?

  The chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides of the cell
• What happens during anaphase I in meiosis?

  The chromosomes, not chromatids, are pulled away to opposite sides
• What occurs during telophase in mitosis?

  New nuclei are forming on each side to create two new cells
• What is the result of cytokinesis following mitosis?

  It splits the cytoplasm to complete the division of the cell
• What is the outcome of mitosis and cytokinesis?

  Two identical diploid cells
• What happens during prophase II in meiosis?

  Chromosomes condense in both cells
• How does metaphase II differ from metaphase in mitosis?

  In metaphase II, chromosomes are in a single file line
• What occurs during anaphase II in meiosis?

  The chromatids are pulled away to opposite sides
• What happens during telophase II in meiosis?

  New nuclei are forming on each side to create new cells
• What is the result of cytokinesis following meiosis II?

  It completely splits the cytoplasm
• What is the outcome of meiosis?

  Four non-identical gametes
• What do males produce in meiosis?

  Sperm cells
• What do females produce in meiosis?

  Egg cells
• What does haploid mean in the context of gametes?

  It means they have half the number of chromosomes as the original cell
• How many chromosomes do the resulting gametes have in humans?

  23 chromosomes
• What happens when a sperm and egg cell combine?

  It results in a diploid cell known as a zygote
• What does the zygote do after fertilization?

  It starts a series of divisions using mitosis to develop into a new organism
• What are the main stages of mitosis and meiosis?

  Mitosis stages:

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase

  
  

  Meiosis stages:

  1. Prophase I
  2. Metaphase I
  3. Anaphase I
  4. Telophase I
  5. Prophase II
  6. Metaphase II
  7. Anaphase II
  8. Telophase II
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis results in 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis results in 4 non-identical haploid cells.
  • Mitosis goes through PMAT once; meiosis goes through PMAT twice.
  • Crossing over occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis.