INTRO

• What is the legal definition of a crime?

  Crime is an act or omission in violation of a criminal law.
• How does the social definition of crime differ from the legal definition?

  The social definition views crime as injurious to social order, while the legal definition focuses on violation of law.
• What does the psychological definition of crime emphasize?

  It emphasizes maladaptive or aberrational behavior that is condemned by society.
• What is a felony?

  A felony is a crime punished by the Revised Penal Code (RPC).
• What is an offense?

  An offense includes all acts or omissions punishable by special laws or statutes not included in the RPC.
• What is a misdemeanor?

  A misdemeanor is an act or omission punishable by Congress and is an act against the RPC itself.
• What are examples of delinquency or misdemeanors?

  Examples include jaywalking, spitting on sidewalks, and littering.
• What are the two main elements of a crime?

  Actus Reus (guilty act) and Mens Rea (guilty mind).
• What does 'dolo' refer to in the context of the RPC?

  'Dolo' refers to deliberate acts involving deceit.
• What does 'culpa' mean in the context of the RPC?

  'Culpa' refers to negligence or imprudence in wrongful acts or omissions.
• What does the Latin maxim 'nullum crimen sine lege' mean?

  There can be no crime without a corresponding law.
• What does 'nullum crimen sine poena' signify?

  It signifies there is no crime without a corresponding punishment.
• What is the implication of 'actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea'?

  The act is not considered a crime unless the mind also acts.
• What does 'actu me invito factus non est meus actus' mean?

  An act done by me against my will is not my act.
• What does the 'doctrine of pro reo' state?

  It states that penal laws must be interpreted in favor of the offender.
• What are the elements of a felony?

  There must be an act, it must be punishable by law, and there must be no defense.
• What does 'instrumentality' refer to in crime?

  It refers to the means or vehicle employed in the commission of a crime.
• What is meant by 'opportunity' in the context of crime?

  Opportunity consists of acts that allow a criminal to seize a favorable moment to commit a crime.
• What are mala prohibita crimes?

  Mala prohibita are acts that are inherently bad but are prohibited by law.
• What are mala in se crimes?

  Mala in se are acts that are inherently bad.
• What are grave felonies?

  Grave felonies are punished with penalties of more than six years or fines exceeding 6,000 pesos.
• What is the penalty for reclusion perpetua?

  Reclusion perpetua is imprisonment for 20 years and one day to 40 years.
• What is the penalty for prision mayor?

  Prision mayor is imprisonment for 6 years and 1 day to 12 years.
• What are light felonies?

  Light felonies are punishable by arresto menor or fines not exceeding 200 pesos.
• What are economic crimes?

  Economic crimes are those committed with economic objectives, like robbery and estafa.
• What are political crimes?

  Political crimes have anti-political objectives, such as rebellion and coup d'état.
• What are miscellaneous crimes?

  Miscellaneous crimes are committed with personal objectives.
• What are acquisitive crimes?

  Acquisitive crimes involve obtaining something as a consequence of the criminal act.
• What are extinctive crimes?

  Extinctive crimes result in the destruction of something of material order.
• What are conventional crimes?

  Conventional crimes are committed only in certain populations of the community.
• What are situational crimes?

  Situational crimes are committed only at certain times.
• What are instant crimes?

  Instant crimes are committed in a short space of time.
• What are episodic crimes?

  Episodic crimes are a series of crimes.
• What are static crimes?

  Static crimes are committed only in one place.
• What are continuing crimes?

  Continuing crimes are committed in several places.
• What are rational crimes?

  Rational crimes are committed using special skills.
• What are irrational crimes?

  Irrational crimes are committed under abnormal impulses.
• What are involuntary crimes?

  Involuntary crimes are committed by persons unaware of the nature of their acts.
• What are white-collar crimes?

  White-collar crimes are committed by individuals in positions of responsibility during their occupational activities.
• What are upper world crimes?

  Upper world crimes are committed by ordinary persons, mostly from lower social strata.