milk and milk products

• What are some common by-products of milk?

  Butter, cheese, cream, and yogurt
• Why have different types of milk been derived from mammals?

  To put them to different uses over the centuries
• Which animal milks are commonly consumed?

  Cows', ewes', and goats' milk
• Name some non-animal milks that are available.

  Rice, oat, soya, hemp, coconut, almond, and hazelnut milk
• What is the purpose of heat processing milk?

  To destroy harmful micro-organisms and improve keeping qualities
• What are some forms of heat processing that milk undergoes?

  Pasteurisation, sterilisation, and ultra high temperature (UHT) treatment
• What happens to milk when it is heated?

  A skin may develop on the surface due to protein coagulation
• How can you avoid the skin forming on heated milk?

  By agitating the milk, such as whisking it
• What can overcooking cheese cause?

  It can become tough and rubbery due to syneresis
• What is the best way to add cheese to sauces?

  Grate or cut it into small pieces and add at the end of cooking
• What are some functions of butter in cooking?

  Aeration, shortening, flavouring, and moisture retention
• How should most milk and milk products be stored?

  In a refrigerator
• Why is it important to store opened milk products by the 'use by date'?

  To ensure safety and quality of the products
• What types of animal milk are available?

  • Cows: fresh milk (whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed), dried, UHT, condensed
  • Ewes' milk
  • Goats' milk
• What types of non-animal milk are available?

  • Soya
  • Almond
  • Hazelnut
  • Coconut
  • Hemp
  • Oat
  • Rice
• What are the different types of milk products?

  • Cream: single, whipping, double, clotted, sour, crème fraiche
  • Cheese: Brie, Gouda, Stilton, Cheddar, Cottage, Ricotta
  • Yogurt: Greek, bio, set, natural, flavored
  • Butter: unsalted, salted, flavored (e.g. garlic)
• What are some EU foods you can make with milk and milk products?

  • Blancmange
  • Lasagne
  • Bread and butter pudding