chem paper 1

    Cards (139)

    • What topics are covered in AQA GCC chemistry paper 1?
      Topics 1 to 5: atoms, bonding, quantitative chemistry, and chemical and energy changes
    • What is a compound?
      A compound is a substance that contains two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together
    • What does it mean if there is no number after a chemical symbol?
      It indicates there is one
    • What do chemical reactions involve regarding atoms?
      Atoms change what they are bonded to and how they are bonded
    • How can we represent a chemical reaction?
      We can represent it with a word equation and a chemical equation using symbols
    • Why must chemical equations be balanced?
      Because atoms are not created or destroyed in any chemical reaction
    • What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
      Start balancing atoms that are only in compounds
    • What is the pro tip for balancing chemical equations?
      Put numbers in front of elements or compounds to multiply them up
    • What is a mixture?
      A mixture is any combination of different types of elements and compounds that aren’t chemically bonded together
    • Give an example of a mixture.
      Air, which is a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and more
    • How can you separate large insoluble particles from a liquid?
      Using filtration
    • What is crystallization?
      Crystallization leaves a solute that’s the solid dissolved in a liquid behind after evaporating the solvent
    • What is distillation?
      Distillation involves heating the solution and cooling the gas to condense it back into a liquid
    • What is fractional distillation?
      Fractional distillation separates different liquids of a mixture based on their boiling points
    • What are the three main states of matter?
      Solid, liquid, and gas
    • How do particles behave in a solid state?
      Particles vibrate around fixed positions
    • How do particles behave in a liquid state?
      Particles are still touching but are free to move past each other
    • How do particles behave in a gas state?
      Particles are far apart, move randomly, and have the most energy
    • What must be supplied to melt or evaporate a substance?
      Energy, usually in the form of heat
    • What do we indicate with state symbols in chemical equations?
      We indicate the state substances are in: s for solid, l for liquid, g for gas, and aq for aqueous
    • Who discovered that atoms are made up of positive and negative charges?
      JJ Thompson
    • What is the plum pudding model of the atom?
      It describes an atom as a positive charge with electrons dotted around it
    • Who found that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in the nucleus?
      Ernest Rutherford
    • What did Rutherford's experiment with alpha particles demonstrate?
      Most alpha particles went straight through gold atoms, proving that atoms are mostly empty space
    • Who discovered that electrons exist in shells or orbitals?
      Neil's Bohr
    • What are protons and neutrons' relative charges?
      Protons are +1, neutrons are 0, and electrons are -1
    • What is the relative mass of protons and neutrons?
      They have a relative mass of 1
    • What is the relative mass of electrons?
      Electrons have a mass of 0 or very small
    • What does the bottom number in the periodic table represent?
      The atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus
    • What does the top number in the periodic table represent?
      The mass number or relative atomic mass (RAM), which tells how many protons and neutrons are in the nucleus
    • What is an ion?
      An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons
    • What are isotopes?
      Isotopes are atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons
    • Why might the mass number not be a whole number in the periodic table?
      Because it shows the average mass for all isotopes of that element
    • What is relative abundance?
      Relative abundance refers to the percentage of different isotopes of an element
    • How do you calculate the average relative atomic mass of chlorine?
      Add the total masses of all isotopes and divide by 100
    • How was the periodic table originally organized?
      Elements were put in order of their atomic weights
    • Who grouped elements based on their properties, leading to gaps in the periodic table?
      Dmitri Mendeleev
    • What happens to the electron configuration as you move across the periodic table?
      Electrons fill up shells from the inside out
    • What is the maximum number of electrons in the first four shells?
      2 in the first shell, 8 in the second and third shells, and 2 in the fourth shell
    • What are metals in relation to electrons?
      Metal atoms always donate electrons to gain an empty outer shell