alkanes/alkenes

• alkane to haloalkane

  • halogen
  • UV
• alkene to alkane

  • H2 (hydrogenation)
  • 423K
  • Ni
• alkene to haloalkane

  • hydrogen halide
• alkene to primary alcohol

  • hydration
  • H2O (steam)
  • H3PO4
  • if the alkene is unsymmetrical, a mixture of products is formed
• haloalkane to alcohol

  • NaOH (aq)
• haloalkane to nitrile

  • NaCN
  • CN- / ethanol
• haloalkane to amine

  • NH3 / ethanol
• alkene to haloalkane (halogenation)

  • how alkenes decolourise bromine water (orange-brown → colourless)
  • occurs at room temperature
  • electrophilic addition reaction