Factors affecting Enzymes

• What effect does an increase in temperature have on enzyme reactions?

  It increases the rate of reaction.
• Why does an increase in temperature lead to more successful collisions in enzyme reactions?

  Because molecules move faster at higher temperatures.
• What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

  It is the temperature at which enzymes work most efficiently.
• What happens to enzyme activity when the temperature is increased beyond the optimum?

  Enzyme activity decreases because they have been denatured.
• What is meant by 'denatured' in the context of enzymes?

  It refers to enzymes losing their functional shape.
• How does changing the pH affect enzymes?

  Changing the pH too far from the optimum can cause denaturation.
• What is the optimum pH for stomach protease?

  pH 3.
• What is the role of bile in digestion?

  Bile neutralizes HCl from the stomach and emulsifies fats.
• Where are enzymes produced that work best in alkaline conditions?

  In the pancreas and small intestine.
• How does bile emulsify fats?

  It breaks fats into smaller droplets, increasing surface area for enzymes.
• What are the factors affecting enzyme activity?

  • Temperature: Increases reaction rate until denaturation occurs.
  • pH: Extreme pH levels can denature enzymes.
  • Bile: Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats for better enzyme action.