3.1

• Abstraction 


  Technique that simplifies a problem by removing unnecessary detail e.g maps leave you many details, money is an abstract concept representing value
• Advances of decomposition


  Allows large teams to each take part of a problem, easier to solve as it is split into simpler task
• Structure charts 


  Visually represent breaking a larger problem into smaller parts, where each box represents a smaller problem
• Algorithmic thinking 


  A logical way of getting from problem to solution, by putting tasks into a step by step process
• Flow chart symbol for start/stop


  Oval
• Flow chart symbol for input/output 


  Parallelogram - values that are taken in/outputted
• Flowchart symbol for processes 


  Rectangle - general instructions, processes and calculations
• Flowchart symbol for decision


  Diamond - often yes or no questions and has two branches coming off of it
• Flowchart symbol for subroutine 


  Rectangle with little lines on either side
• What is pseudocode


  A way to write out algorithms using code like statements - NOT ACTUAL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE (used as a plan)
• Algorithms 


  A set of step by step instructions made to produce a solution to a problem
• Input 


  Data or information being entered into program
• Process


  Doing an action/calculation in the algorithm
• Output 


  Result given out of program, from processing
• Purpose of trace tables 


  • Record state of algorithm
  • Dry run to Ake sure there are no errors
  • Discover purpose of algorithm
• Algorithm efficiency 


  How much time it takes to complete an algorithm
• how to declare a subroutine

  SUB