plant cell organisation

• What are the different levels of organization in plants?

  Cells combine to form tissues, tissues form organs, and organs form organ systems.
• What is the function of the organ system formed by leaves, stems, and roots?

  Its function is the transport of substances around the plant.
• What is the primary function of leaves?

  Leaves are the site of photosynthesis.
• What do leaves require for photosynthesis?

  Leaves require carbon dioxide and water to make sugars.
• How does water reach the leaves?

  Water comes from the soil and is transported to the leaves by the roots and xylem.
• What are stomata?

  Stomata are small holes through which carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf.
• Where are stomata primarily located in leaves?

  Stomata are scattered through the lower epidermis of the leaf.
• What is the role of spongy mesophyll tissue in leaves?

  Spongy mesophyll tissue has air gaps that allow gas to diffuse easily.
• What do palisade cells contain that is crucial for photosynthesis?

  Palisade cells are packed full of chloroplasts.
• Where does most photosynthesis occur in the leaf?

  Most photosynthesis occurs in the palisade mesophyll layer.
• What is the function of phloem in plants?

  Phloem carries sugar molecules to the rest of the plant.
• What is the main problem that leaves face regarding water?

  The main problem is water loss from the leaf.
• How does the waxy cuticle help leaves?

  The waxy cuticle is a waterproof layer that reduces water loss.
• How do guard cells regulate stomata?

  Guard cells control the size of the stomatal gap based on water availability.
• What happens to guard cells when the plant has lots of water?

  Guard cells become turgid, making the stomatal gap larger.
• What occurs to guard cells when the plant is short of water?

  Guard cells lose water and become flaccid, closing the stomata.
• Why do most stomata exist on the underside of leaves?

  Most stomata are on the underside to reduce water evaporation due to shading.
• What is meristem tissue in plants?

  Meristem tissue is the plant form of stem cells.
• Where is meristem tissue found in plants?

  Meristem tissue is found at the growing tips of roots and shoots.
• What are the adaptations of guard cells in relation to water conservation?

  • Guard cells are turgid when water is abundant, allowing stomata to open.
  • Guard cells become flaccid when water is scarce, closing stomata to conserve water.
  • Guard cells are sensitive to light, closing at night when photosynthesis isn't occurring.
• What is the process of photosynthesis in leaves?

  1. Carbon dioxide enters through stomata.
  2. Water is absorbed by roots and transported via xylem.
  3. Photosynthesis occurs mainly in palisade mesophyll.
  4. Sugars produced are transported by phloem.
• How do leaves balance carbon dioxide absorption and water loss?

  • Stomata open to absorb carbon dioxide.
  • Stomata close to minimize water loss.
  • Guard cells regulate stomatal openings based on water availability.