hormones in reproduction

• What is the main topic of the study material?

  Hormones in reproduction
• What is the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle?

  They regulate the stages of the menstrual cycle
• What are the four stages of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Menstrual phase
  2. Follicular phase
  3. Ovulation
  4. Luteal phase
• What happens during the menstrual phase?

  The spongy lining of the uterus breaks down
• When does menstruation start in the cycle?

  Day 1
• What occurs from day 4 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle?

  The uterine lining develops into a thick spongy layer
• What hormone is released around day 14?

  Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• What happens if no fertilized egg implants by day 28?

  The spongy lining starts to break down again
• What are the four hormones that control the menstrual cycle?

  1. FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone)
  2. Oestrogen
  3. LH (Luteinizing hormone)
  4. Progesterone
• What is the function of FSH in the menstrual cycle?

  It causes an egg to mature in one of the ovaries
• How does progesterone affect the menstrual cycle?

  It maintains the lining of the uterus
• What happens to progesterone levels if a fertilized egg implants?

  Progesterone levels remain high to maintain the uterine lining
• What does oestrogen do during the menstrual cycle?

  It thickens the lining of the uterus and stimulates egg production
• What is the effect of low progesterone levels on the menstrual cycle?

  The uterine lining breaks down
• How does progesterone inhibit FSH and LH production?

  By maintaining high levels of progesterone
• What is the overall process of the menstrual cycle?

  1. Menstrual phase: lining breaks down
  2. Follicular phase: lining thickens and egg matures
  3. Ovulation: egg is released
  4. Luteal phase: lining maintained or breaks down if no fertilization