hormones for fertility and contraception

• What role do hormones play in reproduction?

  They help infertile women have babies and help fertile women avoid pregnancy.
• What are barrier methods of contraception designed to do?

  They try to stop the egg and sperm from meeting.
• What is the effectiveness of condoms as a contraceptive method?

  98% effective
• Why are hormones used to treat infertility?

  Infertility can be caused by hormonal issues, and drugs can induce ovulation.
• Name two drugs that can be used to induce ovulation.

  Clomiphene and gonadotrophins.
• How effective is a diaphragm as a contraceptive method?

  80-96% effective
• What is the role of FSH in women's fertility?

  FSH stimulates the maturation and release of eggs.
• What is the effectiveness of spermicide?

  70-80% effective
• How can women with low FSH levels stimulate ovulation?

  By injecting FSH hormone.
• How does a contraceptive sponge work?

  It fits over the cervix to stop sperm from meeting the egg.
• What are the steps involved in IVF?

  1. Egg collection from ovaries.
  2. Fertilization in a lab.
  3. Testing embryos for health.
  4. Selecting one to two embryos.
  5. Hormone injections to stimulate egg production.
• What are intrauterine devices (IUDs) designed to do?

  They prevent sperm from surviving and alter the lining of the womb.
• What is the purpose of contraceptives?

  To prevent pregnancy.
• What is the effectiveness of IUDs?

  More than 99% effective
• What are some contraceptive methods that involve hormones?

  • Injection (Progesterone)
  • Implant (Progesterone)
  • Intrauterine system (IUS) (Progesterone)
  • Mini-pill (Progesterone)
  • Combined pill (Progesterone and oestrogen)
  • Patch (Progesterone and oestrogen)
• How long can IUDs last?

  They can last for up to ten years.
• What do natural contraceptive methods rely on?

  They rely on ovulation and timing intercourse accordingly.
• What is the effectiveness of withdrawal as a contraceptive method?

  It is partially effective but relies on timing.
• What is the function of the implant contraceptive method?

  It thins the lining of the uterus to reduce implantation chances.
• How does the injection contraceptive method work?

  It stimulates thick cervical mucus production to block sperm.
• How does the IUS prevent pregnancy?

  By inhibiting the production of FSH and LH.
• What does sterilization involve?

  It involves a surgical procedure to cut or tie tubes in the reproductive system.
• How effective are sterilization methods?

  Over 99% effective
• What is the mini-pill also known as?

  Progesterone-only pill.
• How does the combined pill work?

  It prevents ovulation by inhibiting FSH and has effects of progesterone.
• What is the effectiveness of contraceptive methods when used correctly?

  More than 99% effective.
• What are the pros and cons of hormonal and non-hormonal contraceptive methods?

  Pros and Cons of Contraceptive Methods:

  • Side effects: Hormonal methods can cause unpleasant side effects.
  • Possibility of 'doing it wrong': Barrier and natural methods require proper use.
  • Medical input: Many methods require a visit to a healthcare provider.
  • Length of action: Long-lasting methods may be preferable.
  • STIs: Only condoms protect against sexually transmitted infections.
• What are some side effects of hormonal contraceptive methods?

  They can cause heavy or irregular periods, acne, headaches, and mood changes.
• What happens if barrier methods are not used properly?

  They may fail to prevent pregnancy.
• Why might people feel uncomfortable about certain contraceptive methods?

  Because they often involve medical procedures.
• What is a benefit of long-lasting contraceptive methods?

  They reduce the need to think about contraception frequently.
• Which contraceptive method protects against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

  Condoms
• What are the different types of non-hormonal contraceptive methods?

  Types of Non-Hormonal Contraceptive Methods:

  1. Barrier methods (e.g., condoms, diaphragms)
  2. Natural methods (e.g., timing intercourse)
  3. Withdrawal method
  4. Sterilization
  5. Intrauterine devices (IUDs)