Chapter 10

• Through which pass did Alexander the Great invade India?

  Khyber Pass
• Who invaded India from the Greek area?

  Alexander the Great
• What type of society was ancient Greece primarily based on?

  Slave-based society
• How did slavery contribute to the achievements of ancient Greece?

  It allowed for a large amount of labor to be done cheaply
• What did Greek historians do regarding India?

  They commented on it and were well-informed about it
• What was the major city of the Minoan Society located on Crete?

  Knossos
• What script was used in the Minoan Society?

  Linear A script
• What caused the decline of the Minoan Society around 1700 BCE?

  Natural disasters and foreign invasions
• When did the Mycenaean society descend into the Balkans and Peloponnesus?

  Around 2200 BCE
• How did the Mycenaean society influence Minoan culture?

  They were geographically close and interacted
• What was the significance of the series of islands in the Greek area for trade?

  It allowed for easy island hopping and trade routes
• What was the capital city of the Mycenaean society?

  Mycenae
• What does the term 'polis' refer to in ancient Greece?

  City-state
• How does a city-state differ from a city?

  A city-state influences areas beyond its walls
• What type of government did the city-states of Greece often have?

  Monarchies
• What does 'tyranny' mean in the context of ancient Greek city-states?

  Supreme authority of a leader without checks and balances
• What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of a tyranny in governance?

  Benefits include strong leadership; drawbacks include lack of representation
• What is the definition of democracy in the context of ancient Greece?

  Rule of the people through voting
• What was a major flaw in early democracies in ancient Greece?

  They often did not respect the rights of minorities
• What was Sparta known for in ancient Greece?

  Being a highly militarized society
• Who were the helots in Spartan society?

  Serfs tied to the land
• How did the Spartan military system function?

  Spartan men focused on fighting while helots farmed
• What was the relationship between the Spartan military and the helots?

  The military was needed to control the larger population of helots
• What does austerity mean in the context of Spartan society?

  Living simply without extravagance
• At what age were Spartan boys removed from their families for military training?

  Age seven
• What was the focus of education for Spartan boys?

  Military training
• What change occurred in Spartan society by the 4th century CE?

  Relaxation of military discipline
• When were Spartan men allowed to return home after military service?

  At age thirty
• What was Athens known for in ancient Greece?

  Being the first to develop an early form of democracy
• How did Athenian democracy differ from modern democracy?

  All free adult males could vote directly on laws
• What was the voting method used in Athenian democracy?

  Using disks with holes to indicate votes
• Who was allowed to vote in Athenian democracy?

  All free adult males
• How does a democratic republic differ from a true democracy?

  A democratic republic elects leaders to make decisions, while a true democracy allows citizens to vote on all issues.
• What was used in the voting process described in the documentary?

  Little discs with holes or no holes.
• Who was allowed to vote in Athenian democracy?

  All free adult males.
• Why were women and slaves excluded from voting in Athens?

  They were not considered to have the most to lose in societal decisions.
• How did the Athenian government differ from Spartan militarism?

  Athenian government focused on voting and reason, while Spartan government emphasized military service and strength.
• What economic activity increased prosperity in Athens during the seventh century BCE?

  Maritime trade.
• How did maritime trade benefit Athenian society?

  It allowed for surplus goods and trade over larger distances.
• What issue arose due to the dominance of aristocrats over small landowners in Athens?

  Class conflict between the rich and the poor.