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Biology
meiosis
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Created by
Adesope Adewumi
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Cards (23)
What is the process that forms gametes?
Meiosis
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What are gametes sometimes called?
Sex cells
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How much genetic material do gametes contain compared to normal cells?
Half
the genetic material
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What do we call cells that contain half the genetic material?
Haploid
cells
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What happens when two gametes combine?
They
form
a
normal
cell
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What do we call the normal cell formed from the combination of two gametes?
Diploid cell
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What is the first step in the process of meiosis?
To replicate all of the cell's
DNA
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What shape do chromosomes take after DNA replication in meiosis?
X shape
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How many different types of chromosomes do humans have?
23
different types
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What are the two copies of chromosomes from each parent called?
Maternal
and
paternal
chromosomes
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How many individual chromosomes does each human cell have?
46
individual chromosomes
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What happens to chromosome pairs during meiosis?
They line up along the center of the
cell
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What happens during the second division of meiosis?
The two arms of each
chromosome
are pulled to opposite sides
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Why is the left-to-right order of chromosomes during meiosis random?
Because it
varies
each
time
meiosis
occurs
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What is the result of the first division in meiosis?
Two cells with different combinations of
chromosomes
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How many cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Four
cells
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Why are gametes genetically unique?
Because of tiny changes during
meiosis
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What do male gametes develop into?
Sperm cells
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What do female gametes develop into?
Egg
cells
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What happens during fertilization?
A
sperm
and
egg
fuse to form a
diploid cell
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What are the main steps of meiosis?
DNA replication
First division:
chromosome
pairs line up and separate
Second division: chromosome arms separate
Result: four genetically unique
gametes
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What does the diploid cell do after fertilization?
It divides by
mitosis
to form an
embryo
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What is the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction?
Produces
gametes
(sperm and egg cells)
Ensures
genetic diversity
Reduces
chromosome
number by half
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