1.5 Specialisation in plant cells

• What is the main function of root hair cells?

  To absorb water and mineral ions
• Why are root hair cells located close to the tips of growing roots?

  To efficiently take in water and minerals
• How do root hair cells increase efficiency in water absorption?

  By greatly increasing the surface area
• What role does the large permanent vacuole play in root hair cells?

  It speeds up water movement by osmosis
• What is the function of mitochondria in root hair cells?

  To provide energy for active transport
• What is the primary function of photosynthetic cells?

  To make food through photosynthesis
• What structures do photosynthetic cells contain that are essential for their function?

  Chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll
• How are photosynthetic cells positioned in plants to maximize their function?

  In continuous layers to absorb light
• What is the role of the large permanent vacuole in photosynthetic cells?

  To keep cells rigid through osmosis
• What is the main function of xylem cells?

  To transport water and minerals
• How do xylem cells support the plant?

  By providing structural support
• What happens to xylem cells as they mature?

  They die and form hollow tubes
• What is the primary function of phloem cells?

  To transport food made by photosynthesis
• How do phloem cells differ from xylem cells in terms of structure?

  Phloem cells do not become lignified
• What are sieve plates in phloem cells?

  Cell walls that allow food movement
• What role do companion cells play in phloem tissue?

  They support phloem cells and provide energy
• What are the examples of specialised plant cells?

  • Root hair cells
  • Photosynthetic cells
  • Xylem cells
  • Phloem cells
• What is the significance of cell specialization in plants?

  • Allows efficient function
  • Supports various plant processes
  • Enhances survival and growth
• How do plant cells contribute to the overall function of the plant?

  • Specialized cells perform specific functions
  • Tissues and organs work together
  • Supports growth, nutrient transport, and photosynthesis