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• What organ regulates air volume in respiration?

  Larynx
• What are the turbinates in the nasal cavity?

  • Superior/dorsal turbinate
  • Inferior/ventral turbinate
• What are the paired laryngeal cartilages?

  • Arytenoids
  • Corniculates
  • Cuneiform
• Which laryngeal muscle dilates the rima?

  Dorsal crico-arytenoid
• What structures enter/leave the lungs at the hilus?

  • Bronchus
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Bronchial artery
  • Pulmonary nerves
  • Pulmonary lymph vessels
• What are the borders of the lungs?

  • Dorsal: Faces thoracic vertebra dorsally
  • Ventral: Faces sternum ventrally
• What are the lobes of the right lung?

  • Apical/cranial lobe
  • Cardiac/middle lobe
  • Accessory lobe
  • Diaphragmatic/caudal lobe
• What are the lobes of the left lung?

  • Apical/cranial lobe
  • Cardiac/middle lobe
  • Diaphragmatic/caudal lobe
• What is the diaphragm?

  • Broad unpalled muscle
  • Forms the partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
  • Organ of respiration
• What are the hiatuses of the diaphragm?

  • Aortic hiatus
  • Esophageal hiatus
  • Caval foramen hiatus
• What structure passes through the hiatus vena cava?

  Caudal vena cava
• What is olfaction?

  Sense of smell
• What is the olfactory nerve also known as?

  1st Cranial nerve
• What is the extra lobe of the right lung called?

  Intermediate/accessory lobe
• What are the characteristics of fetal lungs?

  • Much smaller
  • Pale gray color
  • Sink in water
  • Firmer to touch, does not crepitate
• What structures pass through the hiatus esophagi?

  • Esophagus
  • Esophageal branch of gastric cavity
  • Vagus nerve
• What are the regions/segments of the mediastinum?

  • Precardial
  • Cardial
  • Post cardial
• What structures pass through the mediastinum?

  • Heart
  • Thymus
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Blood vessels (vena cava and aorta)
  • Nerves (vagus and sympathetic nerves)
• Which laryngeal muscle closes the rima and loosens the vocal cord?

  Ventricular and vocal
• What are the surfaces of the lung?

  • Costal: Faces the rib
  • Mediastinal: Faces the heart
  • Interlobar: Facing adjacent lobes
  • Diaphragmatic: Facing the diaphragm
• What is the entrance of the pharyngeal aperture bounded by?

  • In front by epiglottis
  • Behind by arytenoids
  • Laterally by ary-epiglottic folds
• What are the types of lungs and sample animals?

  • Type I: Well-developed secondary lobules (cattle, sheep, goat, pig)
  • Type II: No secondary lobules (monkey, dog, cat)
  • Type III: Incompletely developed secondary lobules (horse)
• What is the difference between deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages?

  Retention
• What is the vestibule of the larynx bounded by?

  • Laterally by ventricular folds
  • Has lateral ventricle leading into laryngeal saccule
• What part of the larynx is continuous with the trachea?

  Posterior compartment
• Which laryngeal muscle assists in closing the rima?

  Transverse arytenoid
• What is the point of tracheal bifurcation called?

  Carina
• What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

  • Sterno-thyrohyoid
  • Thyro-hyoid
  • Hyo-epiglottic
• What are the parts of the diaphragm?

  • Costal part
  • Sternal part
  • Lumbar part
• Which laryngeal muscle tenses the vocal cords?

  Crico-thyroid
• What are the characteristics of normal lungs?

  • Soft and spongy, crepitates when pressed
  • Bright pink in color
  • Float in water
• Which laryngeal muscle closes the rima?

  Lateral crico-arytenoid